HGP 98 :1953 MKUltra -Sub 30 Op-Whitecoat

Operation Whitecoat

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 29. September 2016  editor@wos  Research programs/ United States

Operation Whitecoat (Operation Weisskittel) (1954-1973) was a biological weapons research project of the US Army. The stated aim of the experiments was, To ward off a use of biological weapons against the armed forces and civilians. It was assumed, that the Soviet Union carried out similar programs. (see article: Biopreparat)

These experiments (bacteria & viruses) were carried out on human.

The test persons (“White Coats”):

Originally, the test subjects were soldiers, who had volunteered. to find out more but after the soldiers held a sit out on the dangers of biological experiments, were Seventh-day Adventist Church, who refused military service, recruited for the trials.

The volunteers it was a conscientious objector, including many members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Free Church whose members had no permits to carry weapons. Thus were the ,approved as fit for service, Members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church conscientious objectors. This could / would not in, at this time (1955-1975 / USA ab (1965)), raging war in Vietnam fighting. The Adventists also met the perfect conditions for the experiments, as understood it their human body as a house of God and maintained a healthy lifestyle.

Operation_Whitecoat_Freiwillige

Operation Whitecoat volunteers

The experiments:

about 3000 volunteer, contributed to the experiments with, that they caused to be infected with viruses and bacteria, who came for an attack with biological weapons in question. The volunteers were with Q fever, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Hepatitis A, Yersinia pestis (Plague), Tularämie (Hasenpest) infected and other diseases.

"white coat"

“white coat”

Also known as “white coats”, designated volunteers were then treated according to their disease, To test the effectiveness of antibiotics and vaccines. Some soldiers were granted as compensation for participation as a test subject a two week holiday. The experiments took place at Fort Detrick, a test center near Washington, D.C., instead of.

With some of the subjects of the aerosols was (air transfer) tested the course of infection. The experiments were conducted using the Eight-Ball for proprietary. The enriched pathogens gas flowed into the ball, and the subject inhaled the air.

Eight-Ball

Much of the actual tests subject to confidentiality and visitors are not allowed at Fort Detrick. This also applies to the former participants.

Long Temporal health consequences:

During the trials died not “white coat”, and there are also no deaths after the experiments known, which would be attributable to the experiments. However, the US Army has only 1000 of the 2300 further followed up participants known to the experiments. Only about 500 (knapp 22% of the 2300 subjects) were interviewed afterwards and wanted the army not fund blood tests. However, some participants complain long-term consequences, and at least one trial participants reported serious health problems, which should be a result of the experiments.

The Nuremberg Code:

The Nuremberg Code is currently being applied today ethical guideline for preparing and conducting medical, psychological and other experiments on humans. The Nuremberg Code states: “

In medical trials on humans, the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely necessary. This means, that the person in the legal sense must be able, giving his consent; that they must be able, unaffected by violence, Amounted to, List, pressure, Pretense or some other form of persuasion or coercion, to exercise their judgment; that it sufficiently in its details to know and understand the area in question must, be able to make an intelligent and informed decision“.



The experiments of Operation Whitecoat is seen as a good example for dealing with the voluntary consent after the Nuremberg Code. After the disclosure by a military doctor about the risks and treatments a consent form had to be signed.

consent form

consent form

Results:

Many of the vaccines against pathogens, which are used as a biological weapon in question, were tested on humans for the first time as part of Operation Whitecoat.

Operation Whitecoat contributed to the authorization of vaccines against yellow fever and Hapatitis by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to.

Subsequent publication:

The Government Accountability Office published on 28. September 1994 a report, after the US Department of Defense and other security authorities between 1940 and 1974 dangerous substances to hundreds of thousands human panelists tested. –> See above 3000 volunteers “white coats”.

MK Ultra sub project 30 was CD-22 Operation Whitecoat. From late 1953-1973,a bio defense program at Fort Detrick,Maryland exposed test volunteers to disease agents such as Q fever,& Tularaemia