Uni is the Great Goddess of the Etruscans, who has facets of a mother Goddess, birth Goddess, star Goddess, and love Goddess, and Who is the forerunner or parallel of the Roman Juno. She was worshipped from very ancient times by the tribes of the Sabines, Umbrians, and Latins of central Italy and the Oscans of south-central Italy, as well as by the Etruscans. She is usually said to be the wife of Tinia, as Juno was of Jupiter, and Hera of Zeus, but in some cases it seems Thalna was Tinia's wife. Uni was the pre-eminent Goddess of the Etruscan pantheon and was one of a select number of Etruscan Deities with the power to hurl thunderbolts. She watched over and protected women, and all cities were under Her care, most especially the cities of Perugia (Latin Perusia), and Pyrgi, the port-town of Cisra (the Latin Caere, modern Cerveteri). She was considered the mother of Hercle (the Etruscanized Heracles), unlike the Greek myth, where Heracles is the son of Alcmene by Zeus. She forms a triad with Menrfa and Tinia that lasted into Roman times as the Capitoline triad of Juno, Minerva and Jupiter.
It is not known if the Etruscan name Uni or the Latin name Juno came first, for while they do seem to be related, there is not enough evidence for a definitive answer: Juno may be derived from Uni, or Uni from Juno. If Juno was first, and the Etruscans borrowed the name of the Latin Goddess as a name for the Greek Hera, then the name is most likely connected to a root meaning "young", probably in reference to Her role as birth Goddess. If the Etruscan name was first, then Uni's name means "She Who Gives", and likely refers both to Her position as a kindly mother Goddess as well as one who receives and grants the prayers of Her followers. Related words in Etruscan would then be una "benevolence", une "reward" or "thanks", unxva, "favor", un "to grant", and unata "favorite", as well as uneitha, "satisfaction" or "pleasure", which may have helped to connect Her with the Phoenician Goddess Astarte, who is a love Goddess (among other attributes). The worship of Juno in Rome was traditionally said to have been brought there from the great Etruscan city of Veia (Latin Veii), about eleven miles northwest of Rome, so my guess is that the Latin derives from the Etruscan and Uni is first.
Uni had two sanctuaries in Pyrgi (the Latin name of the city), the port of the city of Cisra or Chaisra: the older one dates to the sixth century BCE, the newer one to the fifth century, and both are dedicated to Her as Uni-Astarte. Uni had been equated with the Phoenician Goddess Astarte by the Etruscans, probably due to the proximity of the Phoenician outpost of Carthage. Pyrgi was famed for its wealth in ancient times, and the shrine of Uni there was said to be very richly furnished. Classical writers referred to Her temple at Pyrgi as belonging to Ilithiya or Lucina, Greek and Roman names, respectively, of birth Goddesses, suggesting that Uni's cult in Pyrgi was especially focussed on Her aspect as mother and childbirth Goddess; however this must have been only one of Her facets worshipped there, as the connection with Astarte gave Her a decidedly celestial slant. Three gold sheets have been found there with inscriptions to Uni-Astarte describing the dedication of the temple and of a statue to Her (coincidentally in the month of Khurvar or June, the month the Romans named for Juno). This emphasis on Her aspect as star Goddess likely came about by finding the commonalities between the Sky-Goddess Uni and the Goddess of the planet Venus Astarte; Dea Caelestis, a late Roman name for the Carthaginian Goddess Tanit, may reflect a similar identification.
Uni was the patron Goddess of Perusia, which was one of the main cities of Etruria, and one of the twelve cities of the Etruscan Federation. She had a temple there; after Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus beseiged the place and Perusia was almost entirely destroyed by a terrible fire, only the temples of Uni and Sethlans (the Etruscan Vulcan) survived. After the fire, however, it is said that Uni was replaced by Sethlans as the patron deity: perhaps this was out of fear of another fire, or as a belated appeasement to Sethlans; for as the Fire-God, He was believed to be able to prevent fires if propitiated.
Uni has a house on the Piacenza liver, a bronze model of a sheep's liver used for teaching diviners which is divided into symbolic "houses" representing areas of the sky or cosmos. Her house is located in the northeast of the sky, in the 2nd house, just after Tinia (the Etruscan equivalent to Jupiter), in the region of the summa felicitas, or "greatest good fortune".
Uni was assimilated to the Greek Hera from an early time and many depictions of Uni in Etruscan art show Her in Hera's role in scenes from the Greek myths, such as being freed by Hephaestos/Sethlans from a trick throne He had made to punish Her. However on one Etruscan mirror She is depicted nursing Hercle as a full-grown man; this is very much at odds with the Greek interpretation of this myth, which states that Hera had to be tricked into suckling the infant Herakles (symbolically indicating Her acceptance of Him, or a transfer or giving of power through Her breast milk). I have always been suspicious of the antagonism between Hera and Herakles; for though in the Greek legend His name (which means "Glory of Hera") is given to him as a means of appeasing Hera's jealousy (for Zeus had fathered him by another woman), my hunch is that the true, older tale is one in which Herakles is genuinely Hera's son. It would seem that the Etruscans had the same hunch (or access to an earlier, lost, Greek myth), for they name their Hercle as Uni's son.
Alternate spellings: Unei
Also called: Uni Mae or Mae Uni. It is not sure what "Mae" means, but it could be related to the Goddess Maia Maiestas, Maia the Majestic, a Roman Goddess of the warming earth of springtime Who gives Her name to the month of May. If so, the epithet "Mae" would mean "large", "great" or "powerful", and refer to Uni's role as the principal Goddess in the Etruscan pantheon. Cupra is Her name among the Picene, Sabine, and Umbrian tribes of central Italy.Q
Geography/Culture: Etruria: especially Taquinia, Pyrgi. Linguistic Note: the alternate meaning is based on Walker's observation that the Semitic ione, 'dove', is a cognate of Sanskrit yoni, 'vulva' {even today pigeons are associated with lasciviousness} and related to the name Uni.
Description: Great Mother of the Uni-verse; Goddess of the sea; Queen of the sky; Hurler of thunder-bolts; Benefactress of cities and women; Giver of safe birth passage to children.
An Etruscan city was not considered a true city till three main temples to the three greatest divinities -- Uni, Mera and Tinia -- had been built.
To Whom Sacred: the three-lobed lily or fleur-de-lis {I think that means the iris?};{the female genitalia}; veil; admonitory thunderbolt (sent before an action had taken place but after it had been decided upon).
Male Associate: Son: Hercle, ----, (identified with Hercules).Titles/Variants, etc:
Greek writers identified Her with their own Goddess, Eileithyia, She-Who-Aids-Women-in-Labour.
Many Etruscan cities identified Her with Hera, Our-Lady.
Probably the precursor of Roman: Juno, {Shining-One}.
Greek writers also identified Her with: Leucothea, White-Goddess, Who is linked with Ino.
The Romans identified Her with Mater-Matuta, Mother-of-Morning, Who is linked with Aurora.
Variant: Unial, or perhaps Etruscan language form of the possesive {Our-Dove, My-Dove?}. Graves says the Etruscan "Juno was named Unial".
TINIA A.K.A TITAN TI-TiaN
Etruscan Supreme God
Also known as TIN, TINIS, TINH
Loud and proud Sky God Supremo
He is the King of the Etruscan pantheon which he rules with his consort UNI.
The biggy of big bangs, he specializes in thunderbolts, lightning and the kind of noises that cause eardrums to tintinnabulate.
He is not the kind of God to approach for sound advice, unless you already have tin ears.
born to Namma
Ninkikurga
born to Namma
born to Uraš
Ḫaya
Ninsar
