The threshold level is a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value for the whole body of 4 watts per kilogram (4 W/kg). ... The most restrictive limits on whole-body exposure are in the frequency range of 30-300 MHz where the human body absorbs RF energy most efficiently when the whole body is exposed.25 Nov 2015
RF EMF Measuring Equipment:
Research & Standards on Cell Phone & Cell Tower Radiation Safety
(more fake studies)
😈💩👎
Standards for Permitted Exposure to RF Radiation such as from Cell Towers
Bottom line: if your site measurements of RF signal strength are below 100K uW/m2 (100,00 microwatts per square meter) as the "maximum average" exposure, then that measurement location is meeting most government exposure standards (under 2010 guidelines). As we discuss throughout this article series, a number of variables including time of day and tower or antenna activity can make significant differences in RF or EMF readings obtained with any instrument.
Canada RF Exposure Limits ( average power exposure of the public)
3 W/m2 (3 million uW/m2)at 1800 MHZ (Canadian Safety Code 6, 1997), where uW = micro-watts
China RF Exposure Limits
0.1 W/m2 (100K uW/m2) at 1800 MHZ
Italy RF Exposure Limits
0.1 W/m2 (100K uW/m2) at 1800 MHZ
New Zealand RF Exposure Protection Rules
New Zealand requires a 500m (1/3 mile) buffer zone around mobile phone towers (cell towers) within which no one is permitted to live.
Switzerland RF Exposure Limits
0.1 W/m2 (100K uW/m2) at 1800 MHZ
United States RF Exposure Limits ( average power exposure of the public)
2 W/m2 (2 million uW/m2) at frequencies of 100 MHz to 400 MHz
2 to 10 W/m2 (2 million to 10 million uW/m2) at frequencies of 400 MHz to 2000 MHz
10 W/m2 (10 million uW/m2) at frequencies of 2000 MHz to 5000 MHz.
SAR limit for cellphones: <= 1.6 watts per kilogram (U.S. FCC)
In the U.S., the FDA does not review the safety of radiation-emitting consumer products such as cell phones and similar wireless devices before they can be sold.
The FDA has authority to take action if cell phones are shown to emit radiofrequency energy (RF) at a level that is hazardous to the user
References for Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer Risk/Carcinogenicity
CELL PHONE TOWERS and RADIOFREQUENCY (RF) RADIATION SAFETY [PDF], Harvard University Campus Services, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, (2015) retrieved 2017/12/25, original source: https://www.ehs.harvard.edu/sites/ehs.harvard.edu/files/CellphoneTowerFacts.pdf
EVALUATING COMPLIANCE WITH FCC GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, OET65 , [PDF], Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology, US FCC OET Bulletin 65, Edition 97-01, August 1997, - Retrieved 2017/12/26 original source https://www.fcc.gov/general/oet-bulletins-line#65
Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Additional Information for Radio and Television Broadcast Stations, Supplement A (Edition 97-01) to OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01) [PDF] ], Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology, US FCC, Supplement A (Edition 97-01) to OET Bulletin 65, Edition 97-01, August 1997, - Retrieved 2017/12/26 original source https://transition.fcc.gov/bureaus/oet/info/documents/bulletins/oet65/oet65a.pdf
Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Additional Information for Amateur Radio Stations, Supplement B, (Edition 97-01) to OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01) - Retrieved 2017/12/26 original source https://transition.fcc.gov/bureaus/oet/info/documents/bulletins/oet65/oet65b.pdf
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, [PDF] Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology, US FCC, OET Bulleting 56, 4th Edition, August 1999
" Many consumer and industrial products and applications make use of some form of electromagnetic energy. One type of electromagnetic energy that is of increasing importance worldwide is radiofrequency (or "RF") energy, including radio waves and microwaves, which is used for providing telecommunications, broadcast and other services.
In the United States the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorizes or licenses most RF telecommunications services, facilities, and devices used by the public, industry and state and local governmental organizations. Because of its regulatory responsibilities in this area the FCC often receives inquiries concerning whether there are potential safety hazards due to human exposure to RF energy emitted by FCC-regulated transmitters.(well they're hardly going to admit it, oh yes we'll just incriminate ourselves, Not DL)
Heightened awareness of the expanding use of RF technology has led some people to speculate that "electromagnetic pollution" is causing significant risks to human health from environmental RF electromagnetic fields. (there is no speculation it is a scientific fact DL)
This document is designed to provide "factual" (AKA Biased DL) information and to answer some of the most commonly asked questions related to this topic." - original source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology, http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet56/oet56e4.pdf
RADIATION, HOW MUCH IS CONSIDERED SAFE FOR HUMANS? [PDF] MIT News [Web Page], (1994), retrieved 2017/12/25, original source: http://news.mit.edu/1994/safe-0105
Watch out: "radiation" limits here are not clearly defined by type.there may be other newer exposure standards for the U.S. and in other countries. Note as well that these are occupational [work place] exposure limits - Ed.(nice ED DL)
Excerpts:
Adult: 5,000 Millirems
The current federal occupational limit of exposure per year for an adult (the limit for a worker using radiation) is "as low as reasonably achievable; however, not to exceed 5,000 millirems" above the 300+ millirems of natural sources of radiation and any medical radiation.
Radiation workers wear badges made of photographic film which indicate the exposure to radiation. Readings typically are taken monthly. A federal advisory committee recommends that the lifetime exposure be limited to a person's age multiplied by 1,000 millirems (example: for a 65-year-old person, 65,000 millirems).
Minor: 500 Millirems
The maximum permissible exposure for a person under 18 working with radiation is one-tenth the adult limit or not to exceed 500 millirems per year above the 300+ millirems of natural sources, plus medical radiation. This was established in 1957 and reviewed as recently as 1990.
"San Francisco Law Will Make Cellphone Retailers List Radiation Rate", Jesse McKinley, The New York Times, 16 June 2010 p. A14.
"RADIATION EMITTING PRODUCTS",[PDF] U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration - web search 06/16/2010 - original source
http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/
HomeBusinessandEntertainment/CellPhones/default.htm
RF EXPOSURE PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT AUTHORIZATION POLICIES FOR MOBILE AND PORTABLE DEVICES [PDF] (2015) - Federal Communications Commission
Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division, October 23, 2015, retrieved 2017/12/26, original source:
https://apps.fcc.gov/kdb/GetAttachment.html?id=f8IQgJxTTL5y0oRi0cpAuA%3D%3D&desc=447498%20D01%20General%20RF%20Exposure%20Guidance%20v06&tracking_number=20676
Sabagh, Hawear Saeid, STUDY OF THE CELL TOWERS RADIATION LEVELS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS [PDF] Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems retrieved 2017/12/25 original source: http://www.inase.org/library/2013/rhodes/bypaper/ECS/ECS-10.pdf
"Magnetic Field Exposure and Cancer: Questions and Answers [ copy on file as /emf/EMF_Fact_Sheet_NCI_NIH.pdf ] - ," National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, web search September 2010, original source: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/magnetic-fields
makes these five key points about EMF
Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are areas of energy that surround any electrical device. EMFs are produced by power lines, electrical wiring, and appliances (see Question 1).
Electric fields are easily shielded or weakened by walls and other objects, whereas magnetic fields are not. Since magnetic fields are more likely to penetrate the body, they are the component of EMFs that are usually studied in relation to cancer (see Question 1).
Overall, there is limited evidence that magnetic fields cause childhood leukemia, and there is inadequate evidence that these magnetic fields cause other cancers in children (see Question 2).
Studies of magnetic field exposure from power lines and electric blankets in adults show little evidence of an association with leukemia, brain tumors, or breast cancer (see Question 3).
Past studies of occupational magnetic field exposure in adults showed very small increases in leukemia and brain tumors. However, more recent, well-conducted studies have shown inconsistent associations with leukemia, brain tumors, and breast cancer (see Question 4).
(Shill papers)
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 800-638-CPSC.
US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, TSCA Assistance Office (TS-799), 800-424-9065 or 202-554-1404.
"Evaluation of Potential Carcinogenicity of Electromagnetic Fields," EPA Report #EPA/600/6-90/005B October 1990. EPA: 513/569-7562.
"Biological Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields" background paper, prepared as part of OTA's assessment of "Electric Power Wheeling and Dealing: Technological Considerations for Increasing Competition," prepared for OTA by Indira Nair, M. Granger Morgan, H. Keith Florig, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
"Biological Effects of Power Line Fields," New York State Powerline Project. Scientific Advisory Board Final Report, July 1, 1987.
"Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Fields," Environmental Health Criteria 35. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1984.
"Electric and Magnetic Fields at Extremely Low Frequencies: Interactions with Biological Systems. In: Non ionizing Radiation Protection, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 1987.
"Electric and Magnetic Fields from 60 Hertz Electric Power: What do we know about possible health risks?," Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 1989.
"Electromagnetic Fields Are Being Scrutinized for Linkage to Cancer," Sandra Blakeslee, New York Times, Medical Science section, April 2, 1991
"Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: A Meta-Analysis", Seung-Kwon Myung, Woong Ju, Diana D. McDonnell, Yeon Ji Lee, Gene Kazinets, Chih-Tao Cheng, Joel M. Moskowitz, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 27, No 33 (November 20), 2009: pp. 5565-5572,
Corresponding author: Seung-Kwon Myung, MD, MS, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea; e-mail: msk@ncc.re.kr.
Purpose Case-control studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk. We investigated these associations using a meta-analysis.
Methods We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in August 2008. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria.
Results Of 465 articles meeting our initial criteria, 23 case-control studies, which involved 37,916 participants (12,344 patient cases and 25,572 controls), were included in the final analyses. Compared with never or rarely having used a mobile phone, the odds ratio for overall use was 0.98 for malignant and benign tumors (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07) in a random-effects meta-analysis of all 23 studies.
However, a significant positive association (harmful effect) was observed in a random-effects meta-analysis of eight studies using blinding, whereas a significant negative association (protective effect) was observed in a fixed-effects meta-analysis of 15 studies not using blinding. (NOPE)
Mobile phone use of 10 years or longer was associated with a risk of tumors in 13 studies reporting this association (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.34). Further, these findings were also observed in the subgroup analyses by methodologic quality of study. Blinding and methodologic quality of study were strongly associated with the research group.
Conclusion The current study found that there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to an increased risk of tumors from a meta-analysis of low-biased case-control studies. Prospective cohort studies providing a higher level of evidence are needed.(really, Cmon now stop this foolishness, like there isn't a ton of evidence online already and not just waffle actual evidence DL)
Written on behalf of the Korean Meta-Analysis (KORMA) Study Group.
Supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Cooperative Agreement No. U48/DP000033 (D.D.M., G.K., J.M.M.).
The contents of the article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and author contributions are found at the end of this article.
