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30 Sept 2021

Fragments of a Forgotten Future: 2022 the 120th Year From 1902 Hidden Reset


https://youtu.be/52v5iMDG_A0


Jason Breshears

Fragments of a Forgotten Future: 2022 the 120th Year From 1902 Hidden Reset

SUBSCRIBE to Archaix channel via link below! https://youtube.com/channel/UCmfQuPme... Join us on Telegram here- https://t.me/archaix Order your 60 charts for $45.00 (shipping included) via paypal- https://paypal.me/jasonbreshears?loca... Order your Phoenix timeline poster & chart pack at this video https://youtu.be/s2nkuWUWiYk Order your Timeline of the Ancient World 5239-1 BCE at this video https://youtu.be/vujsQeqBORw Ophis Subscription video, predictions software- https://youtu.be/mP5RODuY0vk Donate by credit card or PayPal at https://paypal.me/jasonbreshears?loca... Or donate via Zelle to Jason Breshears, to email ophisys@gmail.com Or cash.app/$JasonArchaix Or Venmo at @Jason-Breshears-4 We are building Archaix. Support us with Buy Me a Coffee page- https://www.buymeacoffee.com/Archaix Archaix Facebook Group- https://m.facebook.com/groups/4868332... https://www.facebook.com/Archaix/ (Archaix Data on Phoenix Phenomenon) Playlist- Archaix Videos from Beginning to Now https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... Playlist- Phoenix Reset May 2040. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... Playlist- The ANUNNA Files. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... Playlist- Secrets of Giza Revealed- https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... Playlist- The Dark Scriptures. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... Playlist- Law of Attraction. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK... https://www.archaix.com Reddit forum for Archaix https://www.reddit.com/r/Archaix?utm_...


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Unfolding Revelation
Artist
David Fesliyan
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29 Sept 2021

How to beat the online censorship algorithm by The Hidden (ediovision) a fool proof production


How to beat the online censorship algorithm

and remote hackers

By

The Hidden

a fool proof production

Q... does your computer lag like mad when you log into social media networks or your main browser profile???  Are you fed up of fb refreshing itself while your mid post thereby wiping it out and you losing all that creativity and grammatical genius? Are you blacklisted, shadow banned, supressed and censored and generally abused by the digital system and puppeteers ???  If you answered yes to any of those questions im going to do you a solid and help you out because you need to know and do this,, i have,,, as you know i have been struggling so bad trying to get anything published or posted recently due to constantly having to fix the HTML of my sites and fb crashing and being hacked by FB, Google, MacAfee and most large nations and corporation's, (no joke) it became a ongoing battle and chore and as a result i had to wait for my system to respond between typing and text appearing on 3 systems and my fb would constantly crash and refresh or refuse to flat out post, and my posts were being live edited and screened on a post by post basis and  there has been way much more fuckery than that, i was even shadow banned on a dating site/group on fb for the "Faux woke"  SMH, imagine that lol, these are some really social, social networks NOT lol,,,, the levels of fuckery involved were titanic indeed, but I've slayed the digital beast and im going to tell you how to do it too,,,, so to cut it short i figured out how to beat the censorship algorithm, I've only done this on desktop win 8.1 and 10 but both now work like liquid lightening in a bottle and they haven't worked this well in quite sometime, i even resurrected a long dead piece of tech running vista and all are now as they always should have been, and with a few very simple steps im going to show you and tell you exactly what to do to fix this fuckery and there are even a few extra steps if you want to really pin it down and lock it off,,,, firstly give this a like or share if you use this and a nod if you publish it D, secondly google are stealing my ad revenue so i dont make anything from anything i do, please consider making a donation to site cost's via the link on site D

https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/edio420420

So lets get down to business,,,,, firstly this is for desktop (win) and can be used without any worries if you are just a home user and not connecting to a server or running one, which means if your just using it for emails and you tube and social media and such regular web use then this is exactly what you need

open your firewall, by following this path, start by pressing the windows key (win logo), 

then windows security the (shield), then go to advanced security with firewalls, 

highlighted in yellow

then click on inbound rules


then click on new rule



then select ports


then all local ports


then block the connection

then select all adapters


and then name it something appropriate,,,,, and upon completion of these tasks you will have just defeated the censorship and remote harassment that has been plaguing you and your system,,,, no longer shall your system lag and your posts vanish before your eyes, go and use these powers for good,,, POST TRUTH, Live, Love and be free Your friend D.

did you know these #Facts




#YoureWelcome
#D.

22 Sept 2021

528 Hz Dna Repair Frequency ❯ Cell Regeneration Sound Therapy ❯ Activate...



https://youtu.be/dhFpPmXf0Dw

528 Hz Dna Repair Frequency ❯ Cell Regeneration Sound Therapy ❯ Activate Your Healing Power

Yevhenii Khonin Space Music Meditation Interstellar Deep Space Journey - Soothing Music for Deep Meditation, Sleep Music, Relaxation ℗ 2018 Space-Meditation Released on: 2018-01-19 Auto-generated by YouTube.👅👏

"covid 19 policy implementation by illegal faux puppet government",, has killed as many Americans as the 1918-19 flu pandemi


Double new speak for slaves translated 

Article should be titled "covid 19 policy implementation by illegal faux puppet government",, has killed as many Americans as the 1918-19 flu pandemic, its laughable that they even try to say that it exist at all despite the massive amount of facts and data and real quantifiable evidence to show the exact opposite  is the case and that it's a work of fictional fear flinging propagandised pushing PR publicity stunt endorsing peace of trash based upon exploitation  of the predictable pattern of a  fear reaction to a perceived threat pmsl

 there is no rona 

#WakeUp

#ItsAllFake

#Facts

20 Sept 2021

Religious Magic & Esoteric Symbolism [Occult Lecture]



https://youtu.be/H61WdfwtuBA


Esoteric Tower

Religious Magic & Esoteric Symbolism [Occult Lecture]
This evening we are going to try to draw
together many of the thread elements
religious ritual ISM as these converge
nearly religious rites Christianity
first of all is a broad point which we
have to more or less consider and that
is the magical or metaphysical element
in the celebrations of religious rites
such an element has always been assumed
to exist and to a very great degree
religion as religious ceremony has
developed around this central core of a
mystical or magical transformation of
substances materials and conditions by
religious means I think we have to go
back a long way to find the very
beginnings of this religious magic I
know for example in Southwest United
States the casino dancers of the Navajo
and Hopi people have a ritual but in a
strange way summarizes the entire
mystery of religious magic in their
various rites and ceremonies
most of the catching our dancers are
masks the masks are very simple homemade
productions as you might imagine usually
he fashioned from the skin of animals
painted adorned with fur feathers
and even various vegetable and plant
structures in the ritual of these people
the mask must be painted behind the back
of the artist he must not see it until
it is finished
this of course accounts for a certain
food myth but at the same time it is
amazing how well the designs can be
perfected even in this way once the mask
has been completed the artist with all
probability in all probability is also
going to be the wearer may look upon it
safely if he looks upon it before it is
finished he will be stricken blind
according to the belief of his people
after the mask is finished he must wear
it only at the most sacred ceremony he
is not submitted to put it on except
during the ritual itself
he cannot pose for it opposed with it
for a picture or anything of that nature
it must never appear on his head except
in the actual ceremony actually also
according to his beneath when he wears
this mask as part of an elaborate ritual
he is no longer himself in the process
of putting on the sanctified mask made
under magical situation he is inwardly
and internally transformed into the
deity in which the mask represents his
friends and neighbors may recognise him
even with the mask but they must give no
indication of this because while he
wears the mask he is not himself he is
the god the power of the mask is also
expressed to the people these people are
perfectly well aware that the dancers
that come out of the dust all means
on the old Mason's are not really
physically gods yet they are welcomed as
gods
referred to as God's because they wear
the God mask they're not masked men they
are deities a while that where these
sanctified regalia
they are transformed by a mystery into
the spiritual power for which these
masks stand now how are we going to
explain this in the terms of our common
everyday life we can't probably actually
explain it we can talk about it
psychologically and mystically or we can
take the attitude of the average tourist
who goes into the area but they are very
superstitious lot of other childish
people will believe almost anything so a
measure perhaps such a negative attitude
can be sustained rationally and
logically yet it is part of religious
mystery and it isn't limited by any
means to these humble people living
along the sides of the Rio Grande River
this mystery extends throughout the
world we find identical mystery rituals
with identical meanings in Tibet we find
the friend the priests take long the
various vestments particularly if this
process is accompanied by certain secret
religious formulas these priests are
then so transformed that the deities
become temporarily
embodied in them so we know that in the
areas around which our modern religious
life developed this kind of concept was
so quite dumb we know that the Egyptians
by means of masks and by means of
various sanctified images hell that
could be a religious truth but divine
powers could be brought to bear upon the
rituals and rites of their ceremonies
but in the masked priests the proximity
of the deity is for the sure the Greeks
had a similar belief using masked
religiously and sharing with many other
peoples the belief in the sanctification
of images though the the old idea about
the sacred image is again a form of the
concept of transubstantiation a certain
image of a deity made by an obviously
earthy artist composed of physical
substances marble wood stone plaster
whatever it might be this image by
certain rituals by certain rites and
ceremonies was caused to receive into
itself as the Greek said the presence of
a blessed being but in some way by
ritual and ceremony a transcendent life
power was focused through this physical
image all of those who accepted it
realized that the image was of
transitory material that it could be
broken
with a rock or an axe yet this is no way
to be attracted from the mystery with
which the image or the substance was
enveloped likewise also
antiquity it was assumed that magical
power could be cause to defend and
associate itself with various familiar
and common objects if these familiar and
common objects were subjected to certain
rituals and various processes of
purification ceremonies invocations
prayers of the light always however the
sacred object had to be consecrated in
some way and once having been so
consecrated it possessed a peculiar and
wonderful virtue and this virtue caused
it to be worthy of certain veneration or
adoration the Greeks tell us clearly
that they did not believe that Zeus
himself was captured within the great
statue of fashion in the name and
likeness of Zeus and now called the
Olympian Zeus oh one of the wonders will
be our artistic world of antiquity they
did not believe that the deity actually
inhabited the statue they did not
believe that the deity was bound to the
temple where that statue stood they did
not believe that this statue was the
proper person of the bearding but they
believe that this statue was in some way
associated to or connected by some
subtle energy with the power of the
deities that you might say it was
and so by a ray or an extension or a
quality of the Gods which it was
fashioned to represent we find the even
among very early Jewish law similar
ideas and certainly it abounded in the
ceremonial
magic of early and medieval Jewish
cattle ISM these older Greeks and some
of the wiser of the Egyptians such as
iamblichus are his mysteries of the
Egyptians and carolien attempts to
explain logically the story of the
relationship or the sympathetic ties
between an image and a divine power
Paracelsus also gave quite a
consideration of this subject in his
study of sympathetic medicines for the
healing of sickness according to the
more rational intelligence of the Greeks
there is a law of similarities or
similitudes
by means of which things of light nature
cannot be completely separated from each
other and whereas things of dissimilar
nature cannot be brought together that
which is like is like that which it is
like possessing the same quality power
or energy if therefore a magnificent
image of a deity was fashioned by a
great artist it was assumed that the
beauty the sublimity the nobility of
this image in some way was a similitude
to the God himself and that as a result
of that some part some extension some
vibratory overtone of a divine nature
was captured in this noble and sublime
likeness fashioned by men that in a
sense great beauty great dignity our
cups into which divine powers of
but nothing that is truly noble or truly
great can be completely separated from
that which is most noble and most great
namely God though there is another way
in which we can also think about this
problem and out of centuries of
consideration and not a little
controversy in the church st. Thomas
Aquinas more or less summarizes the
final attitude which was to prevail
concerning transubstantiation especially
at the ceremony of the Eucharist his
opinion was that this transubstantiation
actually factually and literally took
place only if the person in whose
presence it was performed or for whose
benefit it was performed was in himself
a noble and Lifan and spiritual person
therefore at the time of the Eucharistic
transformation or hell chemical mystery
of the mass for those who were profane
for the unbeliever or the unpurified
there was no real or visible change but
for the person who had the inward
consciousness the miracle was performed
therefore it might or might not appear
or be visible to the beholder or the
observer but it was known in the heart
it was an experience within
consciousness itself thus we seem to
find the entire situation finally thrown
back upon the believer we've seem to
find that the concept finally become
that an object is sacred
if the believer in purity and sincerity
so accepts it
you see that this object is worthy of
veneration
if it is experienced in the heart of the
believer that it is worthy of veneration
and the deity is present in the various
rituals rites and ceremonies of the mass
if this is beneath if this is held to be
a certainty of consciousness for these
conditions we see that we are very much
back again for the general philosophic
structure of man's religious team a
philosophic structure which is based not
affirm what occurred around me but the
interpretation which man himself places
upon this are these occurrences if
therefore the person looking out into
the world the rules in the seeking
nature with His infinite diversity of
manifestations and is thereby compared
to say I live in a natural world that is
all about the daily problems of his day
but if this person by some experience
within himself experiences the
transformation of the world so that by
some mystical reverie or illumination he
gazes out the from the same environment
and suddenly discovers it to be alive
with divine power suddenly sees nature
transmuted and transformed into the
radiant presence of the universal deity
itself then in that moment the
transubstantiation has taken place it is
the individual who his own experience
who experienced these changes the
suddenly recognizes the various levels
to which he can become aware and at the
same time his neighbor may see no
difference yet his neighbor denying that
there is a difference may
so be wrong well this difference occurs
within consciousness rather than within
the substances equation yet as some of
the fathers of the Council of Trent
pointed out that which is seen by this
internal experience they be regarded as
more true more real and more valid than
the objection raised by the one who does
not see who insists that nothing has
occurred here we come very close upon
through our oriental religion we come
very close to bowel ism and to the
experience of all out himself we
suddenly penetrating through the form of
things discovered the universe to be a
great design motion and into any truly
meaning full of life
it was no longer locked within the
competitively restricted dimensions of
the Kerman place in which we live
therefore we have one explanation to all
religious ceremonies an explanation that
can be applied to the Greek mysteries
the Egyptian mystery and rites and
ceremonies of ancient America or the
rights of the Brahmins Hindus in general
Chinese the Japanese Koreans and all
other ancient and distant people thus
the actual mystery of the transformation
of painting by religious insight falls
into the grand pattern of mystical
experience or illumination itself this
is one explanation which is the default
person overcoming certain common
objections and these common objections
did arise during the early
mr. the church it was observed
definitely that in the
transubstantiation at the time of the
Eucharist no visible change occurred
either to the bread the wine or these
water nothing seen interchange yet by
some mysterious power this ritual has
wrought a different and there was only
there were only two ways that you could
explain this difference either that it
was actual or that it was symbolically
needless to say the symbolical schools
at quite a bit of food the trivet also
down to the century in their reflections
about the matter the symbolic school has
always held all rituals to be symbolic
of some form of transformation which is
to occur within the light the body the
soul or the spirit of man himself it's a
symbol is a similitude or enlightenment
a visible a Lavoie a visible legend or
fable by means of which something itself
makes young description where it can be
figured or set forth in some way that
can be conceived or apprehended by the
average patient according to this point
of view the mystery of
transubstantiation is actually a story
of regeneration the transformation of
the elements of the Eucharist represents
the transformation of the mental
emotional physical mystical parts of man
the actual transformation may also imply
but by the presence of God all flesh and
blood they be transformed
including the flesh and blood of the
believer and that whereas the person
believes in the mystical experience may
assume that the Eucharistic right is the
actual taking into oneself of the blood
and Body of Christ the other group will
affirm that it is symbolic of the fact
that all life is sustained by the blood
and body of God and the fare for every
ritual of life is a Eucharistic ceremony
but whenever we breathe we breathe in
God whenever we take food we think of
the life of God in living things
therefore that all life lives upon life
and that there is only one life upon
which it can live and that is the
eternal and divine life which is the
source cause and sustenance of all
things religion therefore comes as a
dawning awareness of the sublime fact
involved a sudden recognition of losing
this possibility and all that is implied
by the fact that man live from the
bounty and from the very civic and body
of the universal creator the symbolist
then developed this line of law
this is ritual had about them some
double meaning something by which of the
outer life might be made more solemn
more splendid
and lighten but at the same time that
was an intimation of a mystery in man
himself
it had to be accomplished by the
regeneration of his own nature all of
these elements combined in in
establishing the point of union which
has always been the essential core of
Christian belief in Christian faith it
may be said with the man anciently
constituted the very substance and the
mass itself was merely a complex of some
rituals and ceremonies in the midst of
which was enshrined the Eucharistic
ceremony the ceremony of the
transformations of the bread and wine
according to me the last Passover of
Jesus prior to the crucifixion
thus the new Paris itself comes from
work is called and generally referred to
as the Last Supper and from this also
it was only a step to the recognition or
celebration of the Lord's Supper as time
went on the original pattern was a more
or less extended and the first extension
of the idea are properly attributed to
various commentaries given by st. Paul
in referring to the actual Last Supper
of Jesus it is Paul who first intimates
or arcane lis points out that this Last
Supper is more than a Holy See's more
than something to be remembered lovingly
by the
typing something more than the touching
story of a teacher knowing that he was
going to face death having this final
farewell million with his disciples the
power points out that there is more to
this but this represents a central point
around which it was to be filled it's
the concept or the idea of these
mucolytic life that a part of Christian
worship which means the continuing
repetition of this right by the faithful
that's the the celebration of the Lord's
Supper to constitute a peculiar and
wonderful remembering a continuing of
the solemn and sacred occasion which is
originally described so we have in st.
Paul the movie Civic of the
transformation of the historical story
or the legend of the Last Supper into
its inclusion as the central theme of
the mass of Christendom here again we
see only another aspect of st. Paul's
essential belief in the Christie ologies
sunset Paul was not satisfied to think
of Jesus as a teacher of the Jews was
not some of their was not satisfied to
regard him as an enlightened rabbin or
reformer of the temple nor was he
willing to include him among the
prophets and the elders who had gone
before in the history of the ancient
Jewish nation the st. Paul there was a
uniqueness about the entire story of
Jesus it was this uniqueness it caused
him to unfold a period of parallels or a
series of analogies by means of which
stories of price becomes no longer the
story of a man living in Syria 2,000
years ago but a continuing eternal
mystery in the spirit in mystery
infinitely reproducing itself
age after age a mystery which by certain
rites and sacraments continues to be in
force to relive its own existence he
expended power throughout the entire
expense of the survival of Christendom
itself
the fall began to emphasize this problem
of the Lord's Supper it is quite
possible but without Paul for a little
time the disciples had they been able
together might have continued to
celebrate this occasion of the Passover
there certain sad memories of the one in
which they had parted from their future
but now it became part of the basic
belief of the Christians million itself
and this was customary unnatural
probably originally only at the time of
the Passover
well the Christian community can repeat
as a sacred Rite this peculiar and
particular incident though we do not
know and frankly I cannot find any
record in either the Greek or Latin
fathers and according to the best
information obtainable no such record
again just exactly how the
forms of the mass began to develop I
think however that we have to realize
three or four different rings and take
them in a reasonably proper context
first of all the structures of mass
probably is not essentially pretty it is
probably frequency it is derived from
other sources in as much as nearly all
religious rites and ceremonies send some
previous beliefs invested it is quite
possible and quite obvious that some
part of this ritual could have developed
from the simple Jewish feast of the
Passover itself and from the early
belief for peoples of this area of the
consecration of bread of the setting
aside and the blessing of food for the
movement of man and even of these later
saint francis of assisi blessed the seed
of the camera and there is much evidence
that in very early time the blessing of
the harvest the blessing of the field
included the taught or the admonition
who remember that in some way this food
was a symbol or a carrier of divine life
the seed was sacred but the breaking of
bread was also a sacred symbol of the
bond of friendship and the this included
later the use of salt that's actually
wherever the individual shares in the
family food that found at table with the
family whether it be a stranger or
friends there was a certain fraternity
established but there was a Brotherhood
of bread and that those who broke bread
were bound together by a strange and
significant relationship he's another
man's bread was to acknowledge a
friendship was to become in certain
sense of how I of that man it may not
have been as strong as blood Brotherhood
but even in the problem of blood
Brotherhood we find that the mingling of
blood and the shedding of blood was an
ancient tribe at a great deal of this
information can be further developed in
the study of phrases encyclopedic works
the Golden Bough which has to do with
most of these primitive rituals of
mankind but that there was at the time
under consideration a sanctification
food that to break bread was symbolic
and mystical and that prayers offered in
the OtterBox communities of the
pre-christian period included the
sanctifying of bread and the setting
aside of certain parts of it as an
offering to God as we have the story of
the unleavened bread using the Jewish
ceremony a story which does defend
considerably into our Christian culture
so that the various rituals of others
people might and probably did affect the
gradual concept of the holy supper in as
much as the holy supper was a sitting
together in search of God the
preparation of the
in which the unseen guest was the
honored presence in the mid of the
mysterious banquet of the wise Plato
describes the banquet of Olympic Dora
this was a philosophic banquet in which
it was not seen but understanding and
the graces of the spirits which
nourished and fed those who assemble
together in search of truth so I don't
think we can doubt that the Eucharistic
ceremony could be traced we know that
the diameter rights of the Greeks
included the belief that the body of
dionysos was transformed into wine
therefore that the use of wine in a
religious ceremony the presence of the
mysterious cup except represented
Dionysos
and finally the mysterious monogram IHS
which has also been carried into
Christianity which was originally the
monogram of dionysos so that therefore
the body of the God was said to have
entered into wine a wine of ecstasy and
those who were listed into some kind of
a religious trance by this way the
sensitive soul also being sold by the
God but the use of being of the of wine
was anciently part of a ritual will be
also remembered from the meeting of
Abraham and Melchizedek at which time a
mysterious beast of wine Koren oil was
part of a sacrament at a very early
period
so that these elements unsaid
undoubtably could have resulted in the
gradual integration of a concept the
second point that probably has to be
taken into consideration is the gradual
change which took place in the structure
of the Lord's Supper needless the same
in the first centuries of the church and
the Brethren met under the most
difficult circumstances in cave in
fellows in the catacombs under cities in
isolated places or even if they were not
persecuted at all in most humble chapels
kids the houses of the desert have
little better than Adobe hunt it is
quite certain that in these times
anything that we realize or recognize in
the great and grand description of the
mass could not have existed there seems
to be no about therefore that in the
beginning the mass was exactly the same
as in its original performance by Jesus
it was a simple gathering of the
brethren there were divisions within the
structure of the early Christian
community and it is quite probable at
postulants of those who have not passed
beyond a certain degree of acceptance
were not permitted to partake of this
holy supper
therefore it was undoubtedly a symbol of
full membership a full acceptance into
the Christian religious communion it is
also quite certain that in these early
days a priest as we know them did not
exist
that many of these ceremonies
undoubtedly were performed without the
benefit of any religious officer
perhaps one of these roots itself being
appointed to lead or celibate this right
in this way and undoubtedly lingered for
quite a while and around it in this
precarious and difficult existence was
the gradually fading structure of the
ancient pagan world around the years and
the rise of Christianity the great
Egyptian rites were failing but they
were still visibly performed under the
colony and we're still powerful
particularly the rites of Serapis Osiris
and Isis in North Africa especially the
area around Alexandria also we know that
the ceremonies of the Alexandrian
Serapis Isis Osiris triad was not
regarded unfavorably by the early
Christian church growing up in its mid
in fact when certain important Christian
bishops visited Alexandria they first
gave their religious services to the
community of Christians and then wins
and performs a similar service in the
temple of Serapis thus the early Bishop
apparently celebrated whatever the
rituals of the early church were both in
the Christian community and in the pagan
community recognizing no essential
difference this is hard to understand
perhaps but we must realize that at that
time the differences in beliefs so
perhaps even harder to understand it was
a great similarity
in the visualization concept of Serapis
and Jesus the rapid was the weaken guard
of Alexandria he was represented as a
fall noble figure beheaded and the pair
falling on his shoulders and in his face
an expression of inconceivable family it
was called the weeping demon and he
stood Salomon alone the midst of the
great set of p.m. of Alexandria his sad
God his noble brow with his false fears
with his almost effeminate face there's
long flowing hair and Union ringlets on
his shoulders was not too many different
from the first contest the appearance of
Jesus the principles for which the lapis
stood were also very similar to the
Christian system but the rapper's was a
deity of intersection was a deity
forever weeping over the sadness and
wickedness of the world as Jesus wept
over Jerusalem the roughest west over
Alexandria and it was also so rappers
who was forever begging the evil minded
and those of corrupt nation to mend
their ways and restore themselves to the
kingdom of blessedness so it's not
entirely inconceivable that the priests
of these two faiths should have much in
common in a time when neither groups
were happy at any clear sense of
division or demarcation between
religious wishes I think we must assume
that in the first century especially as
most of the Christian converts were from
non-christian
learn Christian babies well the fall
Christian community was rising in the
late blender the Magnificent rituals and
grammars of Annisa
where the great rights of Greece was
still being performed where the
tremendous ceremonialism of Rome the
school Clarice
although perhaps without too much
essential meaning everywhere throughout
the known world Lowell temples still
story Lowell sanctuaries were still
served where they're gone where lights
blazed on a thousand non-christian
offers it is not impossible that the
development of a ritualism could have
been if not intentionally at least
strongly subjectively impelled by the
existing and prevailing patterns I have
discussed this problem with a number of
different important persons particularly
religious leaders in the Mediterranean a
Mesopotamian area and they all although
Christian men themselves they are all
convinced that much of this ritualism of
the early church that certainly derived
from non-christian sources but therefore
we have something upon which to build
our understanding of the gradual
submergence
of the older rituals into the Christian
Right and also perhaps a little clearer
insight as to how the early church was
able to take the places so many of these
earlier ceremonies
wherever we find records of the earliest
missionaries and that is in the first
two or three centuries going forth into
other parts of the world the converts
the unbelievers in these times we do not
generally find some
religious differences arising that mark
say the fifth of twelfth century many of
these missionaries on travelens receives
kindly and friendly by non-christian
people permitted to perform their
religious rights without interference by
the local religious beliefs a good
example of that of course is the story
of st. josep about a mafia having gone
to England according to the legend was
enabled to build his first little wattle
church on the Isle of Avalon a bear to
practice his faith in the presence of
the druid were parently made no effort
to interfere with it in fact they have a
fiend as many did that he was merely
another branch of their own beast
this continues until a considerably
later date when the rise of a more
clear-cut orthodoxy fourth the Christian
Church into a dynamic opposition to
other beliefs but in the early days this
opposition does not exist in fact we
find most of the ante 19 fathers
actually apologetic more in trying to
take the attitude that actually
Christianity was nothing more onerous
than an improvement of beliefs already
existing that it made no claims other
than those which had already been
advanced by other faiths this therefore
may have give us a second clue to the
rise of the
ritualism which we now know as the
rituals of the mass the mass almost
certainly was built upon a series of
foundations the greatest expression
probably of religious ritualistic
symbolism in the
today it's Pontifical high mass at st.
Peter's here has been gathered together
so many diverse elements of ritualism
but we are practically comparable to
recognize throughout the various
segments of this composite pattern
evidence of many religions have been
strangely woven into one tapestry of a
procedure there is much borrowing from
many places but this in itself is a
perhaps no very great importance it has
every religion even doctrinally is
indebted to others there cannot be any
other relationship or patterns in
religious life now the third factor that
we may observe is that having adequate
material available in other words living
in the suburbs of the great pagan
splendor of their time the Christian has
all that was necessary to provides the
machinery the technical structure the
precedence and even for that matter the
very mechanics of an elaborate religious
ceremony
and fitting them began to increase in in
temporal importance particularly after
the Council of Nicaea and resulted in
the recognition of Christianity as the
official religion
the Roman Empire it became perhaps
rather obvious that a very major change
was taking place and we religious
atmosphere of the time if this page the
older rituals and rites for gradually
falling partly they fell because of the
Roman attitude Roman becoming mastery
the world became a very highly
materialistic culture in which there was
little consideration for essential
values now various the Roman emperors
particularly the more corrupt one hated
and feared religious influence did
everything they possibly could to
discourage it gradually also
Christianity lots of the pagan
institutions and an elaborate conspiracy
and the various groups fought for
existence of the one of the most savage
types of secret warfare a warfare
centered around theological disputes in
any of them it is very obvious that as
Christianity increased in temple power
it was almost inevitable that it should
also make use of the machinery that it
proceeded and finally to develop a
highly dramatic highly spectacular and
highly impressive religious ritual
structure so as its temple power
increased its rituals became more
impressive involving greater displays of
worldly ostentation greater displays of
wealth greater evidences of temple power
as we study the history the papacy
only fine that it was really a very
strange kind of structure because here
we have the gradual developing of a
great power a power most spiritual and
temporal a power in which the influence
or the direction and domination of the
mind of Europe rested largely in the
power of the church yet here was the
church itself attempting to hold in line
particularly religiously and group of
extremely ambitious battle princes
Europe was leading gradually into its
most intensive period of feudalism here
we had robber barons and their castles
on the tops of mountains here we had a
circle of ambitious princes slowly
carving out the boundaries of what were
to be in the States and later the
countries of Europe
here we find despot dictators tyrants
and assorted whatnot all struggling for
physical authorities all of them seeking
to rule Europe and for that matter to
extend their rulership to the
circumference of a known world here also
during this same period a rising
conflict with Asia was developing the
was increasing in influence and
authority it was a little too soon for
the Crusades but they were in the making
and in the mid of probably the most
horses pandemonium that is possible
within
good the church the church attempting
not only to maintain itself but for home
its authority and expand this authority
over the entire domain of feudalism the
church at this time had no standing army
and no temporal power of whatever in a
physical or literal sense of the word
almost any of the robber barons could
have gone the road back the Vatican and
destroyed the church the church form
alliances with one rising power and
another always trying to keep a few of
political friends the fight us battle
for very often the church chose his
friends unwisely and they were defeated
in the church was left again like
Cardinal Wolsey bare and naked on to its
enemies malaria-ridden Rome well yet
many of the folks reigned less than a
month here it was in the midst of this
great rising political conspiracy of
Europe it was unarmed and gradually
increasing in wealth it had the stone
princes and its own leaders and noble
names actually except what was later to
be carved into a small area called the
papal space it had inherited the Cobre
of the Caesars but only after the
Caesars had lost everything they had it
became and carried the title the cycles
that Caesar had carried the folk became
the perfect map
the great bridge builder when he had the
piece of timber to his name to build
anything with it was really a rather
complicated situation because the church
at that time with a totally intangible
entity trying desperately the new were
its own survival and the cause to
advance it sold in in a world that
really cared nothing for it perhaps was
a little jealous onyx and ever ready to
stack it at a moment's notice under
these conditions the church had only
certain weapons which it could use and
it used them wisely and unwisely if you
some of them very wisely from the
standpoint of its own preservation and
it uses some of them such as specially
as its indulgences very unwisely because
they in turn resulted in the great break
ribs which was to result in the
Protestant Reformation the church had
only certain ways of achieving first all
of these states principalities and so
forth which were out slugging you
together to death on the fields of
battle the glorious feelings of war all
these states were nominally Christian
nominally was really an overstatement
they were destitute of practically any
visible indication of Christians ready
for charity but the robber barons
knights and princes had their chapels
they had their bishops and they made
certain the country allegiances to the
the only thing the church had to rule
with at that time with fear fear of a
madness fear of excommunication this
alone kept many of these feuding nights
and simply turning upon the traits and
destroying this it's next the possible
advantage was its ritual the complete
confusing the materially minded person
by the extravagances of a great TV
obstacle delivers a tremendous
ritualistic pageantry hi math and some
great Cathedral brought many a dictator
to his knees there was something that
was impossible to fight something that
seemed to be so bad
so intangible so mystical so magical so
filled with a kind of same transcendent
softly but the rather superstitious if
brave seven minded noble finally fell
before the intangible influence of the
church to maintain this intangible
influence the church was much of the
same position as the Rogers of India and
the people get all got a little unhappy
in old days the Rogers had a durbar
brought out all their best elephants but
on their finest robes wore their
greatest jewelry and paraded up and down
the main street of their city everyone
then was deeply impressed and went back
and lived happily ever after and this
was more or less what the church had to
do in order to survive it is certain
that this survival was at the expense of
a great many basic values and was
certain that in
period of time the church could only
establish a bath glamour it had to
glitter more brilliantly than anybody
else you can feel the fact that it does
not have even one regiment of soldiers
to defend it the only way could be
defended we forget suppose the
defendants the French the defendants the
Germans the defendant or the Italians to
defended it couldn't defend itself
and about the time the poles were ready
to defend it
the Austrians decided they didn't like
the poles and the church was in trouble
judge are they near final emergence of
all this was the establishment of a
great spiritual over government a
government of intangibles a government
that had its own priests and princes a
government which in order to advance its
own purposes made children Cardinals and
may laymen Pope's
bringing them in and consecrating them
as priests and popes the same day it
must be admitted that in the building up
of this tremendous bulwark against
feudalism the church surrendered a very
great part of its spiritual integrity
there's no boundaries but if you had
lived in the year 752 and had been
confronted with one of these problems
with a light and the mind and the
understanding the lack of understanding
that was general in those times probably
you would have had to win either by
opportunism or seeing everything you
stood for disappear so the church does
not intend to disappear never had that
intention and it did everything that it
could to survive but in order to survive
it gradually expanded it
it elaborated its processes it reached
the point where it exercised so vast a
psychological effect that men such as
Risha loo with a cardinal was never
truly a religious man he was a Jew that
he carried the Cardinals power and he
could bring the King of France to his
knees this power was all the brain power
of magic power ritual the power of a
great intangible built solidly upon the
prevailing religion of the time in the
area and building the Empire of this
world upon an almost invisible point in
space really nothing more or less
therefore a world a country and a land
and the high altar of st. Peter's this I
think gives us the real and practical
the world I do think however that is
obscene in the world today surgery no
way in which ritualism has become so
highly complicated as in Roman
Christianity in these other countries
ritualism has retained a certain
simplicity the one answer to this may be
that most other countries have not had
the wealth or the physical means to
sustain so tremendous a program also in
most other countries religions have not
been so completely dominant as they are
here they have nearly always had certain
divisions within their own structure
that for example taken China there are
three religions share a certain degree
of equality therefore there is no
complete dominance of one or one that
has able to control the economic
resources of the entire country while
there have been some fake religion most
of these state religions have not been
like the Western one and here we have
something that perhaps is worth another
passing moment applause and that is what
is the essential reason
I welcome Olivia ritualism has become so
complicated and Easton has not most of
the eastern nations have had similar
emergencies of those that influence the
West perhaps the answer is very
definitely in the psychology of the
people the East in general the whole
eastern hemisphere is strangely
introverted these have always thought of
religion primarily as something internal
religious a danger has always been a
very good word from the circumference of
the personality to someone within it
whereas in the West whether the Greek or
Roman Egyptian or a city an empires are
involved
always progress growth has been an
externalized was always a bad thing
out of itself into its environment and
has created great fans even the King
became the Builder of cities so it's
seen as a Western man has always been
bathing exterior to himself
yes surrounded himself with greatness
where are these from man as in
mysteriously always thought a staff of
the virtue of dignity of serenity the
sublimity of simplicity he had had a
little
different attitude and I think we can
invert it in the fact that Eastern
religions have a most part with the
possible exception of Islam never had
the political ambitions that have
dominated Western religiously so as a
result of that in your Asiatic religions
we find rituals but because this ritual
has pageantry which is extended it from
the comparatively simple things and this
will involved a process but a complete
study of the mass and mastery of its
technique will require 10 years of work
other peoples of the world haven't done
this before perhaps in some of these
other extinct ladies you can find that
it is almost totally submerged in the
mass you can find perhaps the essential
principle of this invasion separated
from it extremely new ways and
glittering and frustrations that have
assembled and gathered around it over
the period of centuries in all religions
we're not is the offensive purpose for a
second after they write such as the mass
we speak of Buddhist matters they are
also given we also know that certain
elements of the mass and not complete
but fragments of it particularly
interest have survived in the Protestant
denomination so that even in
Christianity certain elements of ritual
offer the most part and are perpetuated
in a very modified form by a number of
products agree the essential purpose of
being of the religious ritual in most of
these Eastern nations has been an
extension of the concept of individual
prayer in other words ritual is a
gathering of above eight people for the
purpose of horrified God it is a
collective congregational kind of
worship though in most other places
although not in all worship is divided
into two distinct sections one is a
worship by means of a hierarchy of
please
and the other is private workers
therefore in the Orient also you find
the same system
they the most hindu-buddhist feasel
temple priests are they please perform
certain rights and certain rituals and
have certain daily observances that are
15 years in their own obligations
through all the nations in other words a
tree or a mate of almost any of these in
the district is required by his
obligations to fulfill certain pious
ceremonies which are not required of a
layman but there is more activity in a
religious house
among its priests than there are among
the latest the second point in
connection with this is that on certain
days there are public ceremonies
performed essentially by the purging but
with this by the monthly these public
ceremonies consist of celebrations
relating to sacred days associated with
the life of the founder of the religion
or to certain Universal astronomical or
problem
because they which have gradually been
involved in the theology this common
practices in both East and West the
various rituals and ceremonies differ
slightly with the different sects well
these rites and ceremonies were
inaugurated by the founders effect
rather than by the founder of the
religion itself in Buddhism in Japan we
have 12 of 15 sense of importance each
of which has minor differences of
rituals all are essentially dedicated to
the same principle but each has
distinguished a way of worship that
varies slightly from others and in this
way these ways of worship have
particular meaning to members of that
view and our less leading health among
members in the development of the mass
and assisting them at least nine
different patterns developed these
patterns however that gradually divided
themselves into the nine
the Roman and non Roman Catholic Church
Turkey and the non-roman including the
Greek and a number of other Near East
Indies
they also the cops in wealth Africa but
these different rituals are performed
primarily in our row or in testimony of
gratitude team or in the sequence all
the power of the divine being
represented the only way how did you how
would you say for example with the
biggest thing which might be a parallel
the Christianity in many respects how
would the problem of the mass for the
Buddha panamath relate for instance to a
common symbolism that we know in the
sisterhood in the Buddhist temple the
may or may not be images of the Buddha
water separates our hats saints and
sages if they are there they are
enshrined or others very much as in the
case of the Western Church though maybe
smaller ring chapels to various deities
but those plugins or thank you
assessment and there may be a great
central icons or image of painting
either of a single divinity or the trans
persons coming in to the presence of
this initial group of images usually
make some Dania flexion as a symbol of
humility or as reason in most Buddhist
countries that we use that exactly the
same as use for another human being
there is not too much essential
difference there are not elaborate
rituals relating to the recognition of a
deity with a church or temple and the
recognition of a friend by salutation
the presence of the image is intended
for only one purpose and I think this
excuse essentially in Christianity - it
is merely a symbol of a principle it is
a for a center essential symbol
sanctifying that place indicating that
it is a sanctuary that it is not a house
of business or of entertainment but that
it is a
of working and in the presence of the
image which is usually an essential or
alter position the individual is
acknowledging not the image but the
concept principle or energies of except
image said this recognition may come to
either a prayer or of meditation or of
intercession we the pleading that the
deity will be of help in some emergency
it may be merely a ceremonial occasion
as the certain festival in which the
Javanese is merely to honor the deity or
it may be a supplication for help in
some great emergency or difficult even
however where it appears that the image
is a central element in the design I
think think is the same as in the which
confers with the image the Pacific's or
whatever may be presence is merely the
emblem of a conviction and at the end
this emblem of conviction is used as a
means of purchasing or centralizing as
the attention of the individual
all the literary work dealing with these
problems Orion we come upon a very
interesting thing wrong with going Japan
the great Fujiwara printers they have
been a very wonderful world at most a
little world
thank you and grateful serenity the
natural love of beauty of the native
people and the peculiarly sensitive
appreciation they had they know on other
made their their world away in charming
would at that time the figure are
aplenty where our convert to the
doctrine of the Armada or the doctrine
of the Indus that intercession of the
Amida Buddha for the redemption of
mankind this perhaps to that plaintiff
whatever moves to Christianity is
essential meaning when did the period
after the Fujiwara princesses and they
really believe that it is possible to
prepare a world here so beautiful and so
wonderful well that actually face
expression while me those Western
Paradise right in the wonderful eyes the
island of Japan so they did magnificent
temple thanks upon the ancient paintings
and pictures and from the stories of the
old pieces of Buddhism they fill these
pea temples with marvelous speculators
they safely and temple dancing
very wonderful is somewhat better than
that miss here these people actually
attempted to create a world of beautiful
affinity agenda and the forever
thoughtful mysterious world of ami
though that was suppose to be far beyond
the Western field life business I think
perhaps we have the secret of a good
many things these Fujiwara princes in
creating their little thanks upon the
sacred text of the Mahayana sutras
develop a wonderful unworldly pattern
the purpose of which was to lift the
human consciousness a little bit every
day and give that consciousness an
immediate
in the phase of the join the radiance of
that larger universe version of sin all
of the pimples represented miniatures of
a larger and better world the sanctuary
was its own
little valid heaven each one of these
sacred places was a place into which man
retire out of worldliness into the
beauty and sublimity of his face and
originalism right therefore seems to
carry the individual into this great
world over which the gilded amitabha
forever and then the radiant flowers and
dual rates of his celestial power the
ideal is therefore that in a mysterious
way even here why you see live with an
experience something as the world of God
that lies beyond the visible I did the
same thing with present is all infant
religious food if anything to try to
create somewhere in the world something
that has
the word something that was not just the
palace for the king but to a measure at
least was a doorway to a world of
greater mystical values it was only this
mysterious compact or sense of contact
with infinity but probably could hold
barbarian defect and to bring the lieth
to me there was something that was an
early about the day and I think that in
a sense as the studies of my or 13 son
great for a mystical interpretation of
the Maya such as we find and Vilas Park
about this needs to be know about in the
world that in the proliferation of math
and a great Cathedral the experience of
hierarchy is very strongly intended in
other words the individual is lifted up
by a mystical experience into some kind
of a sense of a physical world the great
Cathedral
with no the rounded arches is just not
at this world
and although it may be a monument of
centuries of human labor when lighted
only with citrine pounding and the here
surrounded by all the abilities of a
great face the solemnity of the mass
mass is exhibited it is something that
becomes a immediate mystical visual
experience it is the building up of
Saint food-wise it is the strengthening
of some kind of an inner belief school
exhibiting to that be the pomp and
circumstance of a great pageant after
all through the medieval Christian God
became God was not sucking up the mystic
things of God
rod was really a great spiritual monarch
ruling over a sublime Supreme Court in
heaven
warriors from the ports of any scenes of
earth God with an absolute desktop Ragna
served by a mysterious hierarchy of
angels and archangels interior business
an onerous by a strange hierarchy of
dedicated person on his bike reason to
progress with the Pope of Rome first a
great sense of medieval imperialism this
alone ties between your psychological
experience by which man forget to ask
reasonable questions and become
completely overthrown by the mysterious
testimony of it only senses great music
great art the same rhythm as the weird
prize all of these communities they
represent something the psychological
custody Venice instructions by this
inward touching breathin in the some
kind of immediate experience of the
appellant and the religious equation in
life though is important maybe Sparsit
evaluated as it's been seven maybe speak
mrs. Duncan you can tell him he'll
become a guide to a way of life with a
million the person is this it's
important this guide to a way of life
how red is a certain adjustment with
existence it has resulted in a life of
faith that was very strong the licenses
dedicated identity and a life far away
from the festivities by this the very
situation itself is engenders a lot of
this whole problem the equipment seems
to come to our attention so that these
factors help success some kind of a
belief in the faith of men when you take
all all music all beauty and also let
the face away from the religion I don't
think you can deny the fact it's to
impoverish this religion
some way last man something that
normally Kenneth years they knew asked
him to carry completely himself the full
burden of his religious life he tried to
tell him that religion is tremendously
important that he must discover this
ended things that the individual must
carrier they must work out his own
salvation we must succeed
virtue is an inner integrity but it is
very very difficult to make this work in
common practice and like saying to a
person on another level entirely there
is no need for me to go to school if he
is study eight hours a day from the
Pioneer seven the Lupron your
twenty-five have heard by yourself you
can learn just as much and there are
foods that were credit me for this work
well he's very good he is going to self
discipline yourself sufficiently to
devote his time to make this effort
for the sake of becoming educated it's
all the things
you expect this to be done by the
average human being only in company that
others of similar efforts only means
that the baby only shares in certain
minor competitive instincts with a
classmate can you keep him in line with
a long-range educational program for
fighting so this is the same way with
religion it is very hard for the
individual to achieve spiritual faith
without religious symbolism supported
this can be excessive and unnecessary
but that's one partner is the Israeli
seems to be a natural necessity for man
he needs the strength of some form of
religious symbolism you need if you are
or community or consensus he needs some
religious studies to integrate his
efforts remember it's a pattern by which
he can develop a spirit release
is not inclined to do so therefore I do
believe after watching the whole
situation pretty carefully well great
years that there is some me in in modern
religion for a greater expression of
emotional warmth a greater release of
the instincts abilities rather than a
thought of we're told to organism
because gradually come to dominate our
concept of religious life our religious
life in the West has for the most part
with the exception of the various
attachments motion magnificence in the
sense most necessary to the experience
of man
uh no conscience hierarchy I'm talking
of the simple impact of religious values
upon is synthesis of the person the Lord
is perfect in streams that the
individual can go out into nature and
come into the most beautiful cathedral
with ever created he has insight and the
mystic has been inside the mystic does
not mean literally the hominin actual
lipsticks that they have how many people
find as a rigid light strong enough by
their own mystical convictions alone to
enable them to live
they believe I think in modern time we
are having a difficulty which is one of
the difficulties at the church place in
1800 years of it we are a concern
gravely today with the example the lack
of again among young people this doesn't
apply to all young people but there is
an increasing number apparently are
falling away from religious convictions
increasing the very amazing burglaries
and 60% of our auto fare in the United
States committed by Geneon if people had
any
reverence for values had any deep
appreciation of something Norrington
than doing exactly as they Johnny well
please I don't believe that
with a vision the mobility of religion
in their face but they cook so quickly
and forgotten it nor do I think that the
majority of these young people are in a
commission to actually start new
religion I don't think they can get
unaided into the maze of modern
theologies and find what they need I
think they must recognize from happen
from value structure by which they are
given a situation with his very second
and which they come to effect upon earth
value well the great value of life is
badness is honored in quality recognized
in meditation experience in devotion it
is something that like the old policies
of the Fujiwara
Emperor's if something built in this
world expands of the glory of the
eternal now I don't think that this
needs to be a sense of social structure
as it was before the building of a
pyramid I don't think it needs to be
sectarian or creed or
in Our Lives remind them that we live in
a universe of truth universe of
principle and that the greatest joy the
greatest good in this whole world comes
to those who are able to truly love that
pieces to me worthwhile and you know
this is also a mess computers in our
rebellion against indulgences and
perversion we have brought over as if
something by means of it it comes with
inward symbolic excuse of the divine
world around at the universe we don't
have to defeat an Insectarium about any
part of it it so that's really this
Universal Temple which is the divine
nature of things is available to us
through our own heart it is available to
us through our own quietens and through
our own meditation but I do think
it is rather good that's something in
the form of an adequate sanctuary the
rise in the midst of nations not
something to our clean into the Battle
of our affection but something that's
and forever for the principle of good a
value unchanging in a changing world but
somewhere we should have that ties with
heaven that binding to the scribe means
we are not forever I think this is what
ancient people tried to do I think it
was that they they believed that if you
have periodic decoding time resides it
is sublime if you would be a better
person you might not understand
everything
perhaps even not it is not on defending
the gains of strength that even
understanding
so what was needed what was warded
there's a man could realize that he live
in it world is bigger than business
bigger than the physical cleaning that
he looks in strangers bigger than the
ambitious creatures hey there's an
apparent ease of the time a world which
also invited him in his values the world
in which he was prepared to meet the
changes of life affairs become the
prepare to roll but he has lived with
faith and Aida stationed somewhere along
the line he lost their exhibits in the
greatest straw participant has ever had
to fail exact it gradually lost so much
of its face a prominent place only came
up here here has been the most
destructive element in the entire
development of Christianity this here
we've tried to make many good when they
finally turned them from the base this
idea that some way of some way some
terrible destiny awaited us simplicity
was it off adults members or something
actually ruling party Pacific apart the
destroyed its value for us because in
this very experience
here we lost our primary love and
respect the truth how could we truly
live in PvP at the same time instead of
being that developed the devout father a
wonderful parent God gradually became
the difficult and defeat stepfather the
player and all of this fear is
undoubtedly with the machinery of
preservation
only time can gradually the law of most
of my religious convictions
we have probably heard you're losing
more reason to fear into any other
single player I don't mean necessarily
that we were all afraid and I mean that
the idea of here in a safe destroy our
faith in that thing that could be human
heart and it's only natural instinct
does not naturally fear the heart of not
fear to marry your fear to die it has to
be educated in the fear its own
naturally interfaith it does not want to
be lifted up in their sublime experience
one moment and passed down it into the
concept of purgatory of the nation by
the green
inconsistent allow the bitterness permit
allowing the animosity of the
intellectual gradually brought criticism
acid criticism the firmaface trust in
theology there's a fine way to escape
the fear they gave up the same this is
more or less the story of modern man is
now struggling desperately to regain his
sense of orientation to the man in
certainly the offense the friend owns of
a divine court defense some power or
some authority beyond our own with a
painful original it goes back thousands
of years
your means out of this afraid by the
most primitive and ancient instincts
within yourself when you come out of
this is a fear and something as precious
value is utterly destroyed in some way
we have to get a universe and we can
have this heaven without the car
we are told that in all lamenting my
hilarities of life you cannot have one
without the other you cannot have a
concept of internal good without some
vision of eternally old this I believe
of the facts believe what we still have
it the answer lies in the direct inward
realization of reality itself or if
instead of clinging to the need by which
men divide each other and although they
didn't have some negative problem we
come rather into the sense of reality if
I was a sublimity of religious
experience will arrive finally to the
realization that there is an external
spice the for this fact there is no
shadow terror but in the universe itself
being is not polarized there is not
light and darkness in the face of the
human soul where is reality men have
turned that light in darkness so that
out of all of this we have the
possibility of discovering a universe of
justice infinity infinite length of an
infinite life and at the same time that
is nothing in this universe to fear if
we can gain more understanding events I
think he will gain a great deal now
walked within the very essence of the
heart of the entire mystery of the month
in essence of life in which the mystery
of the transformation of the bread and
the wine this is a very living nature
Robinson connection strength this
initiative is said to be at ease I think
that underneath this entire mystery we
could find the absence also read a
little further perhaps in the dr.
Niccole adult physical here we find his
clear and distinct statement at the
Christ in you the hope of glory
therefore the transubstantiation of the
host occurs in you but this author is a
big mining day is a magical mystical
right the realization even as your mind
our background
by that arrangement create within you a
certain sensitivity to universal order
these very substantiation therefore is
in fact the substance of our
intelligence is that instant of
realization in which all things become
new this is the mystical experience
appropriate this is the moment in which
man limited the infinites activity and
in this infinite sight all things which
are material represented by the bread
and the wine become transformed and we
see that their materiality is only of an
appearance and that all things are
substantially spiritual and that this
realization of the substantial physical
universe and experiences also open to
our psyche or inner life the great
mystery of RP nutrition for efficacy
that man's body is supported by the
bread of this world for it is true
awesome that infinite is supported
as it is true that he may drink of the
water of this world and thirst again
you may also drink from the water of
eternal life and first no more verse
there is this eternally nutrition and
there is a physical our farming uses a
furnace price of color and that's the
bottom of habit red and it was harvest
the occasion but that by the very
chemistry of assimilation and by
gestures the film substantiation
occurred in the very process of the
digestion of food misty occurs in man
when in the service of life the bed if
you take into his body is transformed
into the life energy was must've fainted
thus the human body is continually
performing a strange and mysterious
nihilistic life and from this alone
Renkin people
wonderful price use the elevation
and by Christ we know that the early
church represented all signifies the
universal love of God the same principle
of infinite salvation that is intrinsic
in every grain of sand on every atom of
space therefore the cities of the pre
failure is actually clear present in
mind of a power of his own salvation can
be inconsistent in a dynamic experience
although this experience may last only a
few seconds constitute the miracle of
faith places it constitutes the
establishment of the experience of
spiritual association it accomplishes
that moment of identification with that
which is eternal and inevitable well
that in the midst of this mysterious
ritual there is supposed to be a strange
and mystic separation the feet from the
boat and though and the ecclesia or the
temple itself is the sheepfold and if
you do also that the ritual was
performed and which have a certain point
the profane were honored to depart only
those who were purified and prepares
were permitted to assemble for the final
and the greatest part of the faculty
then when the profane has departed the
purpose of the final mission was to
create this mood this created sense of
the presence of
whiskey conviction but if this need were
strengthened by whatever outfit means
were available whether it was the
simplest gathering of devout persons of
the most magnificent clustering of the
glories of a great man
whatever it was it had caused the
individual is suddenly be united with
his brethren and with his dog in this
one moment of extreme appease paprika
Mountain conceded voice he in this
instance rep recognized but he and his
fellow members of the congregation were
united as one being in life and at the
same time when he the police the bishops
hierarchy were also all united in one
substance in God but in this sense
immediate sense of identity which
perhaps as well expressed as any other
the entire concept of a mystical
experience there's a mystical experience
in crystalline consists of these two
factors it has to be simultaneously and
identically exceed may bring the
infinite Fatherhood of God had to be
total brotherhood of man these the same
take part in the experience itself exist
only experiences not that experiences
in a kind of indicator complete at the
same time experiencing that this
Brotherhood all of it existed in the
faster and greater a father or the deity
at the same time to reach out to the
immediate experience of absolute kinship
with our brothers these constitute one
experience they're the same experience
as
absolutism of other mystics of the
Vedanta it is two ways of expressing the
one thing and that is final unity of
existence existing with that internal
source of life we are also bound in the
same mystical relationship this is also
symbolically set forth in certain phases
of the month and this these phases of
course include the prayers for the bed
then he prays to and for the face so the
visible and the invisible for those here
and those give access but though he's
not born and though is less hostile and
for those things in transition waiting
for
replication we wear signifies the union
of consciousness with all orders of life
mundane and supramundane once in a way
the entire ceremony summarizes a kind of
mystical experience whether those who
fashioned that knew this we do not know
but those who pass through it under
certain conditions experiences
regardless as to whether it was
intentionally placed there and merely
represents the psychological culmination
of man's spiritual quest over the ages
in any event this is the way it adds up
or business 18.2 and I think we must
realize that this is the underlying
structure of the ritual and symbolism of
the north in Christianity
you
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History of Alchemy- From the Ancient Times to the Medieval Period (Audio...


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History of Alchemy- From the Ancient Times to the Medieval Period (Audiobook)

Transcript section 1 of the history of chemistry this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio calm volume 1 chapter 1 of alchemy part 1 chapter 1 of alchemy the word chemistry Kamiya first occurs in sweetest a Greek writer who is supposed to have lived in the 11th century and to have written his lexicon during the reign of Alexius calmness under the word Kamiya in his dictionary we find the following passage chemistry the preparation of silver and gold the books on it were sought out by Diocletian and burnt on account of the new attempts made by the Egyptians against him he treated them with cruelty and harshness as he sought out the books written by the ancients on the chemistry of gold and silver and burnt them his object was to prevent the Egyptians from becoming rich by the knowledge of this art lest emboldened by abundance of wealth they might be induced afterwards to resist the Romans under the word de Ross asked in in the lexicon occurs the following passage Duras the golden fleece which jason and the argonauts after a voyage through the Black Sea to Colchis took together with Medea daughter of a tease the king but this was not what the poets represent but a treatise written on skins teaching how gold might be prepared by chemistry probably therefore it is called by those who lived at that time golden on account of its great importance from these two passages there can be no doubt that the word chemistry was known to the Greeks in the 11th century and that it signified at that time the art of making gold and silver it appears further that in sweet opinion this art was known to the Egyptians in the time of Diocletian that Diocletian was convinced of its reality and that to put an end to it he collected and burnt all the chemical writings to be found in Egypt nay sweetest affirms that a book describing the art of making gold existed at the time of the Argonauts and that the object of Jason and his followers was to get possession of that invaluable treatise which the poet's disguised under the term golden fleece the first meaning then of chemistry was the art of making gold and this art in the opinion of Swedish was understood at least as early as 1225 years before the Christian era for that is the period at which the argonautica expedition is commonly fixed by chronologist though the lexicon of Swedish be the first printed book in which the word chemistry occurs yet it is said to be found in much earlier tracts which still continue in manuscript thus scaliger informs us that he perused a Greek manuscript of zu Simas the pan of light written in the 5th century and deposited in the King of France's library Olas Mauritius mentions this manuscript but in such terms that it is difficult to know whether he had himself read it though he seems to insinuate as much the title of this manuscript is said to be a faithful description of the sacred and divine art of making gold and silver by Zosima s' the pan of light in this treatise is awesomest distinguishes the art by the name Kamiya from a passage in this manuscript quoted by scaliger and given also by Olas mauritius it appears that Zosima s' carries the antiquity of the art of making gold and silver much higher than sweetest as ventured to do the following is a literal translation of this curious passage the sacred scriptures inform us that there exists a tribe of Jedi who make use of women hermès mentions this circumstance in his physics and almost every writing whether sacred or apocryphal states the same thing the ancient and divine scriptures inform us that the Angels captivated by women taught them all the operations of nature offense being taken at this they remained out of heaven because they had taught mankind all manner of evil and things which could not be advantageous to their souls the Scriptures inform us that the giant sprang from these embraces crema is the first of their traditions respecting these arts the book itself they called keema hence the art is called Tamiya za samus is not the only Greek writer on chemistry Louis Mauritius has given us a list of 38 treatises which he says exist in the libraries of Rome Venice and Paris and dr. Shah has increased this list to 89 but among these we find the names of hermas Isis Horus Democritus Cleopatra poorer fre Plato etc names which undoubtedly have been affixed to the writings of comparatively modern and obscure authors the style of these authors as voracious and forms us is barbarous they are chiefly the production of Khaleesi a stiix who lived between the 5th and 12th centuries in these tracks the art of which they treat is sometimes called chemistry sometimes the chemical art sometimes the holy art and the Philosopher's Stone it is evident from this that between the 5th century and the taking of Constantinople in the 15th century the Greeks believed in the possibility of making gold and silver artificially and that the art which professed to teach these processes was called by them chemistry these opinions passed from the Greeks to the Arabians when under the caliphs of the family of a besides they began to turn their attention to science about the beginning of the ninth century and when the enlightened zeal of the fad mites in Africa and the ami IDs in Spain encouraged the cultivation of the sciences from Spain they gradually made their way into the different Christian kingdoms of Europe from the 11th to the 16th century the art of making gold and silver was cultivated in Germany Italy France and England with considerable acidity the cultivators of it were called alchemists a name obviously derived from the Greek word Kamiya but somewhat altered by the Arabians many alchemists achill tracks were written during that period a considerable number of them were collected by Lazarus zetz nur and published at Strasbourg in 1602 under the title of theatre mhmm acum precipice selector amok Terim Tractatus de kemiya at Lepidus philosophy sigh antiquity Verity drew a pristine Jie at operation Airbus continents in gradian vert came--a at medicine a chemical studious arum ooh Cree erbium owned optimum remedy or EMS emphasize a torrent congestion Eden Couture part a zoo volume digest 'm this book contains 105 different alchemists achill tracks in the year 1610 another collection of Alchemist occult rats was published at Basel in three volumes under the title artists are fi come come iam vocal volume aa tree up it contains 47 different tracts in the year 70 No - man Gita's published at Geneva to very large folio volumes under the name bibliothek ax chemica curiosa surya mad alchemy impart in IAM thesaurus instruct usamos Coonan tantum artists RFA axcrypt Oram and in new bluer history at reddit or Lapidus Veritas argument is at experimenters in numerous emo at jurisconsults am Judy sheis events each viewer termina obscure is expert Cantor cautions contre imposters at difficulties in Tunisia in tincture a universal ax confidentiel accidentes de cleanser veeram antium Tractatus omnis veeram Celebi or IAM key in magnitude errant elixir key K AB if so hamete at D sitter trees Modesto at nastya extra tempura dick recipe a scripture and Goom precipice suis commentaries Casino orden a dispositive exhibitor this biblioteca contains 122 alchemists achill treatises many of them of considerable length two additional volumes of the theorem chemical were afterwards published but these I have never had an opportunity of seeing from these collections which exhibit a pretty complete view of the writings of the alchemists a tolerably accurate notion may be formed of their opinions but before attempting to lay open the theories and notions by which the alchemists were guided it will be proper to state the opinions which were gradually adopted respecting the origin of alchemy and the contrivances by which these opinions were supported a awesomest the pen applied in a passage quoted above informs us that the art of making gold and silver was not a human invention but was communicated to mankind by angels or demons these angels he says fell in love with women and were induced by their charms to abandon heaven altogether and to take up their abode upon earth among other pieces of information which these spiritual beings communicated for their paramours was the sublime art of chemistry or the fabrication of gold and silver it is quite unnecessary to refute this extravagant opinion obviously founded on a misunderstanding of a passage in the 6th chapter of Genesis and it came to pass when men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born unto them that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair and they took them wives of all which they choose there were giants in the earth in those days and also after that when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men and they bare children to them the same became mighty men which were of old men of renown there is no mention whatever of angels or of any information on science communicated by them to mankind nor is it necessary to say much about the opinion advanced by some and rather countenanced by Olaus Murie sheis that the art of making gold was the invention of tubal-cain whom they represent as the same as Vulcan all the information which we have respecting tubal-cain is simply that he was an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron no illusion whatever is made to gold and that in these early ages of the world there was no occasion for making gold artificially we have the same authority for believing for in the second chapter of Genesis where the Garden of Eden is described it is said and a river went out of Eden to water the garden and from thence it was parted and came in two foreheads the name of the first is pricin that is it which encompasses the whole land of havilah where there is gold and the gold of that land is good there is bdellium and onyx stone but the most generally received opinion is that alchemy originated in Egypt and the honor of the invention has been unanimously conferred upon her maesters megistus he is by some supposed to be the same person with Chanin the son of ham whose son Mizraim first occupied and peopled Egypt flutes are conforms us that Egypt was sometimes called Kamiya this name is supposed to be derived from turn on thence it was believed that Shannon was the true inventor of alchemy to which he affixed his own name whether the her made of the Greeks was the same person with Chanin or his son Miz Ram it is impossible at this distance of time to decide but to her maize is assigned the invention of alchemy or the art of making gold by almost the unanimous consent of the adepts Albertus Magnus informs us that Alexander the Great discovered the Sepulcher of Hermes in one of his journeys full of all treasures not metallic but golden written on a table of za'tari which others called emerald this passage occurs an attractive Albertus the secret is chemical which is considered as supposititious nothing is said of the source whence the information contained in this passage was drawn but from the quotations produced by Craig's men it would appear that the existence of this emerald table was eluded by Avicenna and other Arabian writers according to them a woman called Sarah took it from the hands of the dead body of her mace some ages after the flood in a cave near Hebron the inscription on it was in the Phoenician language the following is a literal translation of this famous inscription from the latin version of Krieg's men i speak not fictitious things but what is true and most certain what is below is like that which is above and what is above is similar to that which is below to accomplish the miracles of one thing and as all things were produced by the meditation of one being so all things were produced from this one thing by adaptation its father is saw its mother Luna the wind carried it in its belly the earth is its nurse it is the cause of all perfection throughout the whole world its power is perfect if it be changed into earth separate the earth from the fire the subtle from the gross acting prudently and with judgment ascend with the greatest sagacity from the earth to heaven and then again descend to the earth and unite together the powers of things superior and things inferior thus you will possess the glory of the whole world and all obscurity will fly far away from you this thing has more fortitude than fortitude itself because it will overcome every subtile thing and penetrate every solid thing by it this world was formed hence proceed wonderful things which in this wise were established for this reason I am called Hermes Trismegistus because I possessed three parts of the philosophy of the whole world what I had to say about the operation of soul is completed such is a literal translation of the celebrated inscription of Hermes Trismegistus upon the Emerald Tablet it is sufficiently obscure to put it in the power of commentators to afix almost any explanation to it that they choose the two individuals who have devoted most time to illustrate this tablet Ark Riggs Minh and Girard darkness whose commentaries may be seen in the first volume of manga toises biblioteca chemica they both agree that it refers to the universal medicine which began to acquire celebrity about the time of Paracelsus or a little earlier this exposition which appears as probable as any other betrays the time when the celebrated inscription seems to have been really written had it been taken out of the hands of the dead body of Hermits by Sara obviously intended for the wife of Abraham as is affirmed by Avicenna it is not possible that Herodotus and all the writers of antiquity both pagan and Christian should have entirely overlooked it or how could Alva Senna have learned what was unknown to all those who live nearest the time when the discovery was supposed to have been made had it been discovered in Egypt by Alexander the Great would it have been unknown to Aristotle and to all the numerous tribe of writers whom Alexandrian school produced not one of whom however make the least allusion to it in short it bears all the mark of a forgery of the 15th century and even the track ascribed to Albertus Magnus in which the tablet of her maize is mentioned and the discovery related is probably also a forgery and doubtless a forgery of the same individual who fabricated the tablet itself in order to throw a greater error probability upon a story which he wished to Palm upon the world as true his object was in some measure accomplished for the authenticity of the tablet was supported with much zeal by creaseman and afterward Biola's Mauritius there is another tract of her mace Trismegistus entitled Tractatus arias de Lepidus facetious secreto on which no less elaborate commentaries have been written it professes to teach the process of making the philosopher's stone and from the allusions in it to the use of this stone as a universal medicine was probably a forgery of the same date as the Emerald Tablet it would be in vain to attempt to extract anything intelligible out of this Tractatus aureus it may be worthwhile to give a single specimen that the reader may be able to form some idea of the nature of the style take of moisture an ounce and a half of meridian already nests that is the soul of the Sun a fourth part that is half an ounce of yellow Sayer likewise half an ounce and of or a pigment 'm a half ounce making in all three ounces know that the vine of wise men is extracted in threes and its wine at last is completed in 30 end of section 1 recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio.com section 2 of the history of chemistry this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio.com Volume one chapter one of alchemy part 2 at the opinion that gold and silver could be artificially formed originated with her maestra smeg estes or had it prevailed among the ancient Egyptians it would certainly have been alluded to by Herodotus who spent so many years in Egypt and was instructed by the priests in all the science of the Egyptians had chemistry been the name of a science real or fictitious which existed as early as the expedition of the Argonauts and had so many treatises on it as Swedish alleges existed in Egypt before the reign of Diocletian it could hardly have escaped the notice of plenty who was so curious in so indefatigable in his researches and who has collected in his natural history a kind of digest of all the knowledge of the Ancients in every department of practical science the fact that the term chemistry never occurs in any Greek or Roman writer prior to sweetest who wrote so late as the 11th century seems to overturn all idea of the existence of that pretended science among the ancients notwithstanding the elaborate attempts of Olas mauritius to prove the contrary i am disposed to believe that chemistry or alchemy understanding by the term the art of making gold and silver originated with the Arabians when they began to turn their attention to medicine after the establishment of the caliphs or if it had previously been cultivated by the Greeks as the writing of Zosima the pan of light if genuine would lead us to suppose that it was taken up by the Arabians and reduced by them into regular form and order if the works of Guilbert could be genuine they leave little doubt on this white Gabbar is supposed to have been a physician and to have written in the 7th century he admits as a first principle that metals are compounds of mercury and sulfur he talks of the Philosopher's Stone professes to give the mode of preparing it and teaches the way of converting the different metals known in his time into medicines on whose efficacy he bestows the most ample panegyrics thus the principles which lie at the bottom of alchemy were implicitly adopted by him yet I can nowhere find in him any attempt to make gold artificially his chemistry was entirely devoted to the improvement of Medicine the subsequent pretensions of the alchemists to convert the baser metals into gold are nowhere avowed by him I am disposed from this time to suspect that the theory of gold making was started after gab airs time or at least that it was after the 7th century before any alchemists ventured to affirm that he himself was in possession of the secret and could fabricate gold artificially at pleasure for there is a wide distance between the opinion that gold may be made artificially and the affirmation that we are in possession of a method by which to this transmutation of the baser metals into gold can be accomplished the first may be adopted and defended with much plausibility and perfect honesty but the second would require a degree of skill far exceeding that of most scientific votary of chemistry at present existing the opinion of the alchemists was that all the metals are compounds that the baser metals contain the same constituents as gold contaminated indeed with various impurities but capable when their impurities are removed or remedy of assuming all the properties and characters of gold the substance possessing this wonderful power they distinguished by the name of lapis philosophorum or philosopher's stone and they usually describe it as a red powder having a peculiar smell few of the alchemists who have left writings behind them most of being possessed of the philosopher's stone Paracelsus indeed affirms that he was acquainted with the method of making it and gives several processes which however are not intelligible but many affirm that they had seen the Philosopher's Stone that they had portions of it in their possession and that they had seen several of the inferior metals especially lead and Quicksilver converted by means of it into gold many stories of this kind are upon record and so well authenticated that we need not be surprised that their having been generally credited it will be sufficient if we state one or two of those which depend on the most unexceptionable evidence the following relation is given by man goddess on the authority of M gross a clergyman of Geneva of the most unexceptionable character and at the same time a skillful physician an expert chemist about the year 1650 an unknown Italian came to Geneva and took lodgings at the sign of the Green Cross after remaining there a day or two he requested de Luke the landlord to procure him a man acquainted with Italian to accompany him through the town and point out those things which deserve to be examined de Luke was acquainted with M gross at that time about twenty years of age and a student in Geneva and knowing his proficiency in the Italian language requested him to accompany the stranger to this proposition he willingly acceded and attended the Italian everywhere for the space of a fortnight the stranger now began to complain of want of money which alarmed him gross not a little for at that time he was very poor and he became apprehensive from the 10:00 hour of the stranger's conversation that he intended to ask the loan of money from him but instead of this the Italian asked him if he was acquainted with any goldsmith whose bellows and other utensils they might be permitted to use and who would not refuse to supply them with the different articles requisite for a particular process which he wanted to perform M gross named a M Bureau to whom the Italian immediately repaired here Italy furnished crucibles pure tin Quicksilver and the other things required by the Italian the Goldsmith left his workshop that the Italian might be under less restraint leaving em gross with one of his own workmen as an attendant the Italian put a quantity of tin into one crucible and a quantity of Quicksilver into another the tin was melted in the fire and the mercury heated it was then poured into the melted tin and at the same time a red powder enclosed in wax was projected into the amalgam an agitation took place and a great deal of smoke was exhale drum the crucible but this speedily subsided and the hole being poured out formed six heavy ingots having the color of gold the Goldsmith was called in by the Italian and requested to make a rigid examination of the smallest of these ingots the Goldsmith not content with the touchstone and the application of aqua Fortis exposed the middle on the cue Pole with lead and fused it with antimony but it sustained no loss he found it possessed of the ductility and specific gravity of gold and full of admiration he exclaimed that he had never worked before upon gold so perfectly pure the Italian made him a present of the smallest ingot as a recompense and then accompanied by M Grose he repaired to the mint where he received from M back yet the mint master a quantity of Spanish gold coin equal in weight to the ingots which he had brought to em gross he made a presence of twenty pieces on account of the attention that he had paid to him and after paying his bill at the inn he added fifteen pieces more to serve to entertain em grossen and Bureau for some days and in the meantime he ordered a supper that he might on his return have the pleasure of something with these two gentlemen he went out but never returned leaving behind him the greatest regret and admiration it is needless to add that M gross and M Bureau continued to enjoy themselves at the end until the 15 pieces which the stranger had left were exhausted man Kiedis gives also the following relation which he states upon the authority of an English bishop who communicated it to him in the year 1685 and at the same time gave him about a half an ounce of the gold which the alchemist had made a stranger meanly dressed went to mr. Boyle and after conversing for some time about chemical processes requested him to furnish him with antimony and some other common metallic substances which then fortunately happened to be in mr. Boyles laboratory these were put into a crucible which was then placed in a melting furnace as soon as these metals were fused the stranger showed a powder to the attendants which he projected into the crucible and instantly went out directing the servants to allow the crucible to remain in the furnace till the fire went out of its own accord and promising at the same time to return in a few hours but as he never fulfilled this promise Boyle ordered the cover to be taken off the crucible and found that it contained a yellow colored metal possessing all the properties of pure gold and only a little lighter than the weight of the materials originally put into the crucible the following strange story is related by Helvetia s-- physician to the prince of iran in his vitalist aureus Helvetia s-- was a disbeliever of the Philosopher's Stone and the universal medicine and even turned certain Elm Digby's sympathetic powder into ridicule on the 27th of December 1666 a stranger called upon him and after conversing for some time about a universal medicine showed a yellow powder which he affirmed to be the Philosopher's Stone and at the same time five large plates of gold which had been made by means of it Helvetia is earnestly entreated that he would give him a little of this powder or at least that he would make a trial of its power but the stranger refused promising however to return in six weeks he returned accordingly after much intreaty he gave to Helvetia us a piece of the stone not larger than the size of a rapeseed when he'll vicious expressed his doubt whether so small a portion would be sufficient to convert four grains of lead into gold the Adept broke off one half of it and assured him that what remained was more than sufficient for the purpose he'll vicious during the first conference had concealed a little of the stone below his nail this he threw into the melted lead but it was almost all driven off in smoke leaving only a vitreous earth when he mentioned the circumstance the stranger informed him that the powder must be enclosed in wax before it be thrown into the melted LED lest it should be injured by the smoke of the LED the stranger promised to return the next day and show him the method of making the projection but having failed to make his appearance he'll vicious in the presence of his wife and son put six drums of lead into a crucible and as soon as it was melted he threw into it the fragment of the Philosopher's Stone in his possession previously covered over with wax the crucible was now covered with its lid and left for a quarter of an hour in the fire at the end of which time he found the whole lead converted into gold the color was at first a deep green being poured into a conical vessel it assumed a blood-red color but when cold it acquired the true tint of gold being examined by a goldsmith he considered it as pure gold he requested poor Elias who had the charge of the Dutchman to try it's value - drums of it being subjected to court ation and solution in aqua Fortis were found to have increased in weight by two scruples this increase was doubtless owing to the silver which still remained enveloped in the gold after the action of the aqua Fortis to endeavor to separate the silver more completely the gold was again fused with seven times its weight of antimony and treated in the usual manner but no alteration took place in the weight it would be easy to relate many others similar narratives but the three which I have given are the best authenticated that I am acquainted with the reader will observe that they are all stated on the authority not of the persons who were the actors but of others to whom they related them and some of these as the English Bishop perhaps not very familiar with chemical processes and therefore liable to leave out or miss state some essential particulars the evidence therefore though the best that can be God is not sufficient to authenticate these wonderful stories of the latent vanity might easily induce the narrators to suppress or alter some particulars which if known would have stripped the statements of everything marvellous which they contain and let us into the secret of the origin of the gold which these alchemists boasted they had fabricated whoever will read the statements of Paracelsus respecting his knowledge of the Philosopher's Stone which he applied not to the formation of gold but to medicine or whoever will examine his formulas for making the stone will easily satisfy himself that Paracelsus possessed no real knowledge of the subject but to convey as precise ideas on the subject as possible it may be worthwhile to state a few of the methods but which the alchemists persuaded themselves that they could convert the baser metals into gold in the year 1694 an old gentleman called upon mr. Wilson at that time a chemist in London and informed him that at last after 40 years search he had met with an ample recompense for all his trouble and expenses this he confirmed with some oaths and imprecations but considering his great weakness and age he looked upon himself as incapable to undergo the fatigues of the process I have here says he a piece of saule gold then I made from silver about four years ago and I cannot trust any man but you with so rare a secret we will share equally the charges and profit which will render us wealthy enough to command the world the nature of the process being stated mr. Wilson thought it not unreasonable especially as he aimed at no peculiar advantage for himself he accordingly put it to the trial in the following manner 12 ounces of Japan copper were beat into thin plates and laid stratum superstratum with three ounces of flowers of sulfur in a crucible it was exposed in a melting furnace to a gentle heat till the sulphureus flames expired when cold the a system sulphate of copper was pounded and stratified again and this process was repeated five times mr. Wilson does not inform us whether the powder was mixed with the flowers of sulfur every time it was heated but this must have been the case otherwise the sulfur @ would have been again converted into metallic copper which would have melted into a mass but this first process then by suffering of copper was formed composed of equal weights of sulfur and copper to six pounds of iron wire were put into a large glass body and twelve pounds of muriatic acid poured upon it six days elapsed during which it stood in a gentle heat before the acid was saturated with the iron the solution was then decanted off and filtered and six pounds of new muriatic acid poured on the undissolved iron this acid after standing a sufficient time was too can't it off and filtered both liquids were put into a large retort and distilled by a sand heat towards the end when the drops from the retort became yellow the receiver was changed and the fire increased to the highest degree in which the retort was kept between four and six hours when all was cold the receiver was taken off and a quantity of flowers was found in the neck of the retort variously colored like the rainbow the yellow liquor and the receiver weighed ten ounces and a half the flowers chloride of iron two ounces and three drams the liquid and flowers were put into a clean bottle three half a pound of Saul and Nixon sulfate of potash and a pound and a half of nitric acid were put into a retort when the salt had dissolved in the acid ten ounces of mercury previously distilled through quick lime and salt of tartar were added the whole being distilled to dryness a fine yellow mass per net rate of mercury remained in the bottom of the retort the liquor was returned with half a pound of fresh nitric acid and the distillation repeated the distillation was repeated a third time urging this last coha Batian with the highest degree of fire when all was cold various colored mass was found in the bottom of the retort this mass was doubtless a mixture of sulfate of potash and / nitrate of mercury with some oxide of mercury for 4 ounces of fine silver were dissolved in a pound of aqua Fortis - the solution was added the by sulfur of copper 4 ounces of the mixture of sulfate of potash for a nitrate of mercury and oxide of mercury one ounce and a half and of the solution of pur chloride of iron 2 ounces and a half when these had stood in a retort 24 hours the liquor was - can't it off and 4 ounces of nitric acid were poured upon the little matter that was not dissolved next morning a total dissolution was obtained the whole of this dissolution was put into a retort and distilled almost to dryness the liquid was poured back and the distillation repeated three times the last time the retort being urged by a very strong fire till no fumes appeared and not a drop though the matter left in the bottom of the retort was now put into a crucible all the corrosive fumes were gently evaporated and the residue melted down with a flexing powder this process was expected to yield 5 ounces of pure gold but on examination the silver was the same except the loss of half a penny weight as when dissolved in the aqua Fortis they were indeed some grains among the scoria which appeared like gold and would not dissolve in aqua Fortis no doubt they consisted of peroxide of iron or perhaps for sulfur ative iron mr. wilson's alchemists eco friend not satisfied with his first failure insisted upon a repetition of the process with some alteration in the method and addition of a certain quantity of gold the whole was accordingly gone through again but it is unnecessary to say that no gold was obtained or at least the two drams of gold employed had increased in weight by only two scruples and 13 grains this addition was doubtless owing to a little silver from which it had not been freed end of section 2 recording by Laurence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio comm section 3 of the history of chemistry this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Lawrence Trask interface audio comm Mount Vernon Ohio the history of chemistry by Thomas Thompson Volume one chapter one of alchemy part three I shall now give a process for making the Philosopher's Stone which was considered by man Geddes as of great value and on that account was given by him in the preface to his bibliothek a' chemica 1 prepare a quantity of a spirit of wine so free from water that it is wholly combustible and so volatile that when a drop of it is let fall it evaporates before it reaches the ground this can situates the first menstrual to take pure mercury revived in the usual manner from cinnabar put it into a glass vessel with common salt and distilled vinegar agitate violently and when the vin acquires a black color pour it off and add new vinegar annotate again and continue these repeated agitations and additions till the vinegar ceases to acquire a black color from the mercury the mercury is now quite pure and very brilliant three take of this mercury for parts of sublimed mercury mercury meteora soot I prepared with your own hands eight parts tritscher 8 them together in a wooden mortar with a wooden pestle till all the grains of running mercury disappear this process is tedious end rather difficult for the mixture thus prepared is to be put into an allude Allah or sand bath and exposed to a subliming heat which is to be gradually raised till the whole Sublime's collect the sublimed matter put it again into the allude 'l and sublime a second time this process must be repeated five times thus a very sweet and crystallized sublimate is obtained it constitutes the salt of wise men saw sepia intim and possesses wonderful properties five grinded in a wooden mortar and reduce it to powder put it into a glass retort and pour upon at the spirit of wine number one till it stands about three finger breaths above the powder seal the retort hermetically and expose it to a very gentle heat for 74 hours shaking it several times a day then distill with a gentle heat and the spirit of wine will pass over together with spirit of mercury keep this liquid in a well stopped bottle lest it should evaporate more spirit of wine is to be poured upon the residual salt and after digestion it must be distilled off as before and this process must be repeated till the whole salt is dissolved and distilled over with the spirit of wine you have now performed a great work the mercury is now rendered in some measure volatile and it will gradually become fit to receive the tincture of gold and silver now return thanks to God who either to crowned your wonderful work with success nor is this great work involved in Cimmerian darkness but clearer than the Sun though preceding writers have imposed upon us with parables hieroglyphics fables and enigmas 6 take this mercurial spirit which contains our magical steel in its belly put it into a glass retort to which a receiver must be well and carefully looted draw off the spirit by a very gentle heat there will remain in the bottom of the retort the quintessence or soul of mercury this is to be sublimed by applying a stronger heat to the retort that it may become volatile as all the philosophers express themselves sigh fixham solvus fasci ask Valera salute 'm at volume vigorous Basia to vivre suitum this is our Luna our fountain in which the king and queen may bathe prepare this precious quintessence of mercury which is very volatile in a well shut vessel for further use 8 let us now proceed to the operation of common gold which we shall communicate clearly and distinctly without digression or obscurity that from vulgar gold we may obtain our philosophical gold just as from common mercury we obtained by the preceding processes philosophical mercury in the name of God then take common gold purified in the usual way by antimony converted into small grains which must be washed with salt and vinegar till it be quite pure take one part of this gold and pour on it three parts of the quintessence of mercury as philosophers reckon from seven to ten so we also reckon our number as philosophical and we begin with three and one let them be married together like husband and wife to produce children of their own kind and you will see the common gold sink and plainly dissolve now the marriage is consummated now two things are converted into one thus the philosophical sulfur is hand as the philosophers say the sulfur being dissolved the stone is at hand take then in the name of God our philosophical vessel in which the king and queen embrace each other as in a bedchamber and leave it till the water is converted into Earth then peace is concluded between the water and fire then the elements have no longer anything contrary to each other because when the elements are converted into Earth they no longer oppose each other for an earth all elements are at rest for the philosophers say when you shall have seen the water coagulate itself think that your knowledge is true and that your operations are truly philosophical the gold is now no longer common but ours is philosophical on account of our processes at first exceedingly fixed then exceedingly volatile and finally exceedingly fixed then the whole science depends upon the change of the elements the gold at first was a metal now it is a sulphur capable of converting all metals into its own sulfur now how our tincture is wholly converted into sulfur which possesses the energy of curing all diseases this is our universal medicine against all the most deplorable diseases of the human body therefore return infinite thanks to Almighty God for all the good things which he has bestowed upon us 9 in this great work of ours two modes of fermenting and protecting are wanting without which the uninitiated will not easily follow our process the mode of fermenting is as follows take of our sulfur above described one part and project upon three parts of very pure gold fused in a furnace in a moment you will see the gold by the force of the sulfur converted into a red sulfur of an inferior quality to the first sulfur take one part of this and project upon it three parts of fused gold the whole will be again converted into a sulfur or a friable mass mixing one part of this with three parts of gold you will have a malleable and extensible metal if you find it so well if not add other sulfur and it will again pass into sulfur now the sulfur will be sufficiently fermented or our medicine will be brought into a metallic nature 10 the mode of projecting is this take of the fermented sulfur one part and project upon a 10 parts of mercury heated in a crucible and you will have a perfect metal if it's color is not sufficiently deep fuse it again and add more fermented sulfur and thus it will acquire color if it becomes frangible and a sufficient quantity of mercury and it will be perfect thus friend you have a description of the universal medicine not only for curing diseases and prolonging life but also for transmuting all metals into gold give therefore thanks to Almighty God who taking pity on human calamities as it last revealed this inestimable treasure and made it known for the common benefit of all such as the formula slightly a bridge of careless mutinous by which the Philosopher's Stone according to him may be formed compared with the formulas of most of the alchemists it is sufficiently plain what the sublimed mercury is does not appear from the process described we should be apt to consider it as corrosive sublimate on that supposition the South sapiens informed in number five would be column al the only objection to this supposition is the process described in number five for column l is not soluble in alcohol the Philosopher's Stone prepared by this elaborate process could hardly have been anything else than an amalgam of gold it could not have contained chloride of gold because such a preparation instead of acting medicinally would have proved a most virulent poison there is no doubt that an amalgam of gold if projected into melted lead or tin and afterwards copulated would leave a portion of gold all the gold of course that existed in the amalgam it might therefore have been employed by Impostors to persuade the ignorant that it was really the Philosopher's Stone but the alchemist who prepared the amalgam could not be ignorant that it contained gold there is another process given in the same preface of a very different nature but too long to be transcribed here and the nature of the process is not sufficiently intelligible to render an account of it of much consequence the preceding observations will give the reader some notion of the nature of the pursuits which occupied the alchemists their sole object was the preparation of a substance to which they gave the name of the Philosopher's Stone which presents the double property of converting the baser metals into gold and of curing all diseases and of preserving human life to an indefinite extent the experiments of Wilson and the formula of mutinous which have just been inserted will give the reader some notion of the way in which they attempted to manufacture this most precious substance being quite ignorant of the properties of bodies and of their action upon each other their processes were guided by no scientific analogies and one part of the labour not unfrequently counteracted another it would be a waste of time therefore to attempt to analyze their numerous processes even though such an attempt could be attended with success but in most cases from the unintelligible terms in which their books are written it is impossible to divine the nature of the processes by which they endeavor to manufacture the philosopher's stone or the nature of the substances which they obtained in consequence of the universality of the opinion that gold could be made by art there was a set of Impostors who went about pretending that they were in possession of the philosopher's stone and offering to communicate the secret of making it for a suitable reward nothing is more astonishing than that persons could be found credulous enough to be the dupes of such imposters the very circumstance of their claiming a reward was a sufficient proof that they were ignorant of the secret which they pretended to you for what motive could a man have for asking a reward who was in possession of a method of creating gold pleasure did such a person money could be no object as he could procure it in any quantity yet strange as it may appear they met with abundance of dupes credulous enough to believe there as separations and to supply them with money to enable them to perform the wished-for processes the object of these Impostors was either to pocket the money thus furnished or they made use of it to purchase various substances from which they extracted oils acids or similar products which they were enabled to sell at a profit to keep the dupes who thus supply them with the means of carrying on these processes in good spirits it was necessary to show them occasionally small quantities of the baser metals converted into gold thus they performed in various ways Monsieur Schiff wa senior who had an opportunity of witnessing many of their performances has given us an account to the number of their tricks it may be worthwhile to state a few by way of specimen sometimes they made use of crucibles with a false bottom at the real bottom they put a quantity of oxide of gold or silver this was covered with a portion of powdered crucible glued together by a little gummed water or a little wax the materials being put into this crucible and heat applied the false bottom disappears the oxide of gold or silver is reduced and at the end of the process is found at the bottom of the crucible and considered as the product of the operation sometimes they make a hole in a piece of charcoal and fill it with oxide of gold or silver and stop up the mouth with a little wax or they soak the charcoal and solutions of these metals or they stir the mixtures in the crucible with hollow rods containing oxide of gold or silver within and the bottom shut with wax by these means the gold or silver wanted is introduced during the process and considered as a product of the operation sometimes they have a solution of silver in nitric acid of gold in aqua regia or an amalgam of gold or silver which being adroitly introduced furnishes the requisite quantity of metal a common exhibition was to dip nails into a liquid and take them out half converted into gold the nails consisted of one half gold neatly soldered to the iron and covered with something to conceal the color which the liquid removed sometimes they had metals one-half gold and the other half silver soldered together and the gold side whitened with mercury the gold half was dipped into a transmuting liquid and then the metal heated the mercury was dissipated and the gold half of the metal appeared end of Section three recorded by Lauren's trash Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio comm section number four of the history of chemistry this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio the history of chemistry by Thomas Thompson vol 1 chapter 1 of alchemy part 4 as the alchemists were assiduous workmen as they mixed all the metals salts etc with which they were acquainted in various ways with each other and subjected such mixtures to the action of heat and closed vessels their Labour's were occasionally repaid by the discovery of new substances possessed of much greater activity than any with which they were previously acquainted in this way they were led to the discovery of sulfuric nitric and muriatic acid these when known were made to act upon the metals solutions of the metals were obtained and this gradually led to the knowledge of various medellin salts and preparations which were introduced with considerable advantage into medicine thus the alchemist by their absurd pursuits gradually formed a collection of facts which led ultimately to the establishment of scientific chemistry on this account it will be proper to notice in this place such of them as appeared in Europe during the darker ages and acquire the highest reputation either on account of their skill as physicians or their celebrity as chemists one the first alchemist who deserves notice is Albertus Magnus or Albert groot a German who was born it is supposed in the year eleven ninety three at Bull State and died in the year twelve eighty two when very young he is said to have been so remarkable for his dullness that he became the jest of his acquaintances he studied the sciences at Padua and afterwards taught at Cologne and finally in Paris he travelled through all Germany as provincial of the order of Dominican monks visited Rome and was made Bishop of Redis Vaughn but his passion for science induced him to give up his bishop ray and return to a cloister at Cologne where he continued till his death Albertus was acquainted with all the sciences cultivated in his time he was at once a theologian a physician and a man of the world he was an astronomer and an alchemist and even dipped into magic in necromancy his works are very voluminous they were collected by petra jami and published at lightin in 21 folio volumes in 1651 his principal alchemists achill tracks are the following one de rebus metallus at mineral Ibis - de alchimia three secret orem Tractatus for Riv a compendium d or two metal or 'm five concordance iya philosophic delle peed six composite him d composite Asst seven libera octal capital de philosopher amla peed most of these tracks have been inserted in the theatre M chemical they are in general plain and intelligible in his treatise de alchimia for example he gives distinct account of all the chemical substances known in his time and of the manner of obtaining them he mentions also the apparatus then employed by chemists and the various processes by which they had occasion to perform I may notice the most remarkable facts and opinions which I have observed and turning over these treatises he was of the opinion that all metals are composed of sulfur and Mercury and endeavored to account for the diversity of metals partly by the difference in the purity and partly by the difference in the proportions of the sulfur and Mercury of which they are composed he thought that water existed also as a constituent of all metals he was acquainted with the water bath employed alembics for a distillation and a ludus for sublimation and he was in the habit of employing various lutes the composition of which he describes he mentions and caustic alkali and seems to have known the alkaline basis of cream of tartar he knew the method of purifying the precious metals by means of lead and of gold by cementation and likewise a method of trying the purity of gold and of distinguishing pure from impure gold he mentions red LED metallic arsenic and liver of sulfur he was acquainted with green vitriol and iron pyrites he knew that arsenic renders copper white and that sulfur attacks all the metals except gold it is said by some that he was acquainted with gunpowder but nothing indicating such knowledge occurs in any of his writings that I have had an opportunity of perusing to Albertus is said to have had for a pupil while he taught in Paris the celebrated Thomas Aquinas a Dominican who studied at Bologna Rome and Naples and distinguished himself still more in divinity and scholastic philosophy than an alchemy he wrote one thus armed alchemy syncretism to secret of alchemy ax McNally ax 3 DSA at essentia mineral iam and perhaps some other works which I have not seen these works so far as I have perused them are exceedingly obscure and in various places unintelligible some of the terms still employed by modern chemists occur for the first time in the writings of Thomas Aquinas thus the term amalgam still employed to denote a compound of mercury with another metal occurs in them and I have not observed it in any earlier author 3 soon after Albertus Magnus flourished Roger Bacon by far the most illustrious the best informed and the most philosophical of all the alchemists he was born in 1214 in the county of Somerset after studying in Oxford and afterward in Paris he became at Cordelia friar and devoting himself to philosophical investigations his discoveries withstanding the pains which he took to conceal them made such a noise that he was accused of magic and his brethren in consequence threw him into prison he died it is said in the year 1280 for though springle fixes the year of his death to be 1285 his writings display a degree of knowledge and extent of thought scarcely credible if we consider the time when he wrote the darkest period of the dark ages in his small treatise deep Mira Valley prata stay artists at Nets array he begins by pointing out the absurdity of believing in magic necromancy charms or any of those similar opinions which were at that time universally prevalent he points out the various ways in which mankind are deceived by jugglers ventriloquist's and etc mentions the advantages which physicians may derive from acting on the imaginations of their patients by means of charms amulets and infallible remedies he affirms that many of those things which are considered as supernatural aren't merely so because mankind in general are unacquainted with natural philosophy to illustrate this he mentions a great number of natural phenomena which had been reckoned miraculous and concludes with several secrets of his own which he affirms to be still more extraordinary imitations of some of the most singular processes of nature these he delivers in the enigmatic 'el style of the times induced as he tells us partly by the conduct of other philosophers partly by the propriety of the thing and partly by the danger of speaking too plainly from an attentive perusal of his works many of which have been printed it will be seen that bacon was a great linguist being familiar with Latin Greek Hebrew and Arabic and that he had perused the most important books at the time existing in all these languages he was also a grammarian he was well versed in the theory and practice of perspective he understood the use of convex and concave glasses and the art of making them the camera obscura burning-glasses the powers of the telescope were known to him he was well versed in geography and astronomy he knew the great error in the Julian calendar assigned the cause and proposed the remedy he understood chronology well he was a skillful physician and enabled mathematician logician met a physician and theologist but it is as a chemist that he claims our attention here the following is a list of his chemical writings as given by Gamelin the whole of which I have never had an opportunity of seeing one speculum alchemy to a pistola the secret Asst opera bus artist denature I at denote Eliot Maji I three damira Bali Protestant artists at Nets ri4 medulla alchemy 5:2 are take Mei six before iam alchemy I seven document a alchemy I 8 D alchemists cerium ARCHIBUS nine de secret Asst 10 de ribas metallus 11 de sculptor asclepion 12 de philosophorum l'épée day 13 opus mages or alchimia major 14 Rev areum did Ono di 15 verbum abbreviate 'm de Lyonne Avery d 16 secret him secret Arum 17 Tractatus trium verb orem 18 speculum secret Orem a number of these were collected together and published at Frankfurt in 1603 under the title of Roger I baked honest angly de Arte chemi i scripta in a small duodecimo volume the Opus mages was published in London 17:33 but dr. gem in a folio volume several of his tracks still continue in manuscript in the Harlan and boat layin libraries at Oxford he considered the metals as compound of mercury and sulfur Gamelin affirms that he was aware of the peculiar nature manganese and that he was acquainted with bismuth but after perusing the whole of the speculum alchemy I the third chapter of which he quotes as containing the facts on which he founds his opinion I cannot find any certain allusion either to manganese or bismuth the term magnesia indeed occurs but nothing is said respecting its nature and long after the time of Pericles bismuth biz made him was considered as an impure kind of lead that he was acquainted with the composition and properties of gunpowder admits of no doubt in the sixth chapter of his epistle the secret is Opera Bazaar 'test and naturai at denilla Tate Magi the following passage occurs for sounds like thunder and chorus ations like lightning may be made in the air and they may be rendered even more horrible than those of nature herself a small quantity of matter properly manufactured not larger than the human thumb may be made to produce a horrible noise and chorus ation and this may be done many ways by which a city or an army may be destroyed as was the case when Gideon and his men broke their pitchers and exhibited their lamps fire issuing out of them within estable noise destroyed an infinite number of the army of the Midianites and in the eleventh chapter of the same epistle occurs the following passage mixed together saltpeter Lehrer vopo verkan otriad and sulfur and you will make thunder and lightning if you know the method of mixing them here all the ingredients of gunpowder are mentioned except charcoal which is doubtless concealed under the barbarous terms luru vopo vir con 'try --it but though Bacon was acquainted with gunpowder we have no evidence that he was the inventor how far the celebrated Greek fire concerning which so much has been written was connected with gunpowder it is impossible to say but there is good evidence to prove that gunpowder was known and used in China before the commencement of the Christian era and Lord bacon is of opinion that the thunder and lightning and magic stated by the Macedonians to have been exhibited in aqsa drinks when it was besieged by Alexander the Great was nothing else than gunpowder now as there is pretty good evidence that the use of gunpowder had been introduced into Spain by the Moors at least as early as the year 1343 and as Roger Bacon was acquainted with Arabic it is by no means unlikely that he might have become acquainted with the mode of making the composition and with its most remarkable properties by perusing some Arabian writer with whom we are at present unacquainted barber in his life of Bruce informs us that guns were first employed by the English at the Battle of where water which was fought in 1327 about 40 years after the death of bacon two novel E's that day they saw that 4th and Scotland had been the name Timbers for Helms was the aim that they thought then of great beauty and also wonder for to see the other crackas were of war that they before heard never air in another part of the same book we have the phrase guineas for crack ease showing that the term crack ease was used to denote a gun or a musket of some form or other it is curious that the english would seem to have been the first european nation that employed gunpowder in war they used it in the Battle of Crecy fought in 1346 when it was unknown to the French and it is supposed to have contributed materially to the brilliant victory which was obtained for Raymond Loewy Lee is sent to have been a scholar and a friend of Roger Bacon he was a most voluminous writer and acquired as high reputation as any of the alchemists according to Moody's he was born in Majorca in the year 12:35 his father was seneschal to King James the first of Aragon in his younger days he went into the army but afterwards held a situation in the court his sovereign devoting himself to science he soon acquired a competent knowledge of Latin and Arabic after studying in Paris he got the degree of doctor conferred upon him he entered into the order of the mini rites and induced King James to establish a cloister of that order in Menorca he afterwards traveled through Italy Germany England Portugal Cyprus Armenia and Palestine he is said by moodiest to have died in the year 1315 and to have been buried in Majorca the following epitaph is given by olace Boris as in graven on his tomb remonda slowly uija's Piedad mata newly Santo Dios Avira Cosette he came more more Mero hick M @ CC compy course pit sign sensible sa MCC in these lines to note 1300 and P which is the fifteenth letter of the alphabet denotes 15 so that if this epithet be genuine it follows that his death took place in the year 1315 it seems scarcely necessary to notice the story that Raymond Lully made a present to Edward King of England of six millions of pieces of gold to enable him to make war on the Saracens which some that monarch employed contrary to the intentions of the donor in his French Wars this story cannot apply to Edward the third because in 1315 at the time of Raymond's death that monarch was only three years of age it can scarcely apply to Edward the second who ascended the throne in 1305 but who had no opportunity of making war either on the Saracens or French being totally occupied in opposing the intrigues of his Queen and rebellious subjects to whom he ultimately fell a sacrifice Edward the first made war both upon the Saracens and the French and lived during the time of Raymond but his wars with the Saracens were finished before he ascended the throne and during the whole of his reign he was too much occupied with this projected conquest of Scotland to pay much serious attention to any French war whatever the story therefore cannot apply to any of the three Edwards and cannot be true Raymond Loewy Lee is said to have been stoned to death in Africa for preaching Christianity in the year 1315 others will have it that he was alive in England in the year 1332 at which time his age would have been 97 end of section 4 recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio calm section number five of the history of chemistry this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio the history of chemistry by Thomas Thompson Volume one chapter one of alchemy part 5 the following table exhibits a list of his numerous writings most immature to be found in the Theatron chemical the artist RFA or the bibliothek chemica one praxis Universalis magneto pourous two clavicular three theory arya at practica for compendium anime transmute Ionis artists metal arm five ultima m-- Testament IAM of this work which professes to give the whole doctrine of alchemy there is an english translation 6 a lucid audio Testament a 7 protest Asst die vitória m-- Combe expository on testament a her meatus 8 compendium artist mantis i-cord composite IAM Lapidus 9 to lap a day at olio philosoph forum 10 motifs a sappy end a or imported aisle 11 compendium alchemy I did Natalia's philosophy 12 lapidary 'm 13 lux mercury aureum 14 experiment a 15 urns compendious a valve Adam myths iam 16 did a cure turret own Lapidus several other tracks besides these are named by Gamelin but I have never seen any of them I have attempted several times to read over the works of Raymond lonely particularly his last will and testament which is considered the most important of them all but they are also obscure and filled with such unintelligible jar that I have found it impossible to understand them in this respect they form a wonderful contrast with the works of Albertus Magnus and Roger Bacon which are comparatively plain and intelligible for an account therefore of the chemical substances with which she was acquainted I'm obliged to depend on de melon though I put no great confidence in his accuracy like his predecessors he was of the opinion that all the metals are compounds of sulfur and Mercury but he seems first to have introduced those hieroglyphics in Buhl's which appear in such profusion in the english translation of his last will and testament and which he doubtless intended to illustrate his positions though what are the purpose they could serve than to induce the reader to consider his statements as allegorical it is not easy to conjecture perhaps they may have been designed to impose upon his contemporaries by an air of something very profound and inexplicable for that he possessed a good deal of charlatan nuri is pretty evident from the slightest glance at his performances he was acquainted with cream of tarter which he distilled the residue he burnt and observed that the alkali extracted de Leeuw quest when exposed to the air he was acquainted with nitric acid which he obtained by distilling a mixture of saltpeter and green vitriol he mentioned its powers of dissolving not merely mercury but likewise other metals he could form aqua regia by adding Sal ammoniac or common salt to nitric acid and he was aware of the property which it had of dissolving gold spirit of wine was well known to him and distinguished by him by the names of aqua vitae Arden's and Argentum Viva vegetable he knew the method of rendering it stronger by an admixture of dry carbonate of potash and of preparing vegetable tinctures by means of it he mentions alum from Rocca marcasite white and red mercurial precipitate he knew the volatile alkali and its coagulation by means of alcohol he was acquainted with couple Aidid silver and first obtained rosemary oil by distilling the plant with water he employed a mixture of flour and white of egg spread upon a linen cloth to cement cracked glass vessels and used other lutes for similar purposes five our novice de Villa Nova is sent to have been born at Villeneuve a village of Provence about the Year 1240 all us mauritius assures us that in his time his posterity lived in the neighborhood of Avignon that he was acquainted with them and that they were by no means destitute of chemical knowledge he is said to have been educated at Barcelona under john casa milà a celebrated professor of medicine this place he was obliged to leave and consequence of foretelling the death of Peter of Aragon he went to Paris and likewise travelled through Italy he afterwards taught publicly in the University of Montpellier his reputation as a physician became so great that his attendance was solicited in dangerous cases by it several kings and even the Pope himself he was skilled in all the sciences of his time and was besides a proficient in Greek Hebrew and Arabic when at Paris he studied astrology and calculating the age of the world he found that it was to terminate than the year 1335 the theologians of paris claimed against this and several other of his opinions and condemned our astrologer as a heretic this obliged him to leave France but the Pope protected him he died in the year 1313 on his way to visit Pope Clement v who lay sick at Avignon the following table is this a pretty full list of his works one and editorial two Divini three to Aquos laxative 'as for rose arias philosophical 5 lumen ovum 6 deciduous 7 philosophy florrum a apostille eyes super alchimia at rhegium neapolitan IAM 9 libra perfectionist magister i-10 Saku Saku mina 11 questions d'arte transmute Ionis metal Orem 12 testamento 13 lumen lumen 'm 14 practica 15 speculum LP mei 16 Carmon 17 questions at Boniface iam 18 samhitas san mateo 19 de l'épée de phyllis a forum 20 the sanguine humano 21 de spiritus vini vino artemon i at Jamar am Vera bus perhaps the most curious of all these works is the rosarium which is intended as a complete command of all the alchemy of his time the first part of it on the theory of the art is plain enough but the second part on the practice which is subdivided into 32 chapters and which professes to teach the art of making the Philosopher's Stone is in many places quite unintelligible to me he considered like many of his predecessors mercury as a constituent of metals and he professed a knowledge of the Philosopher's Stone which he could increase at pleasure gold and gold water was in his opinion one of the most precious of medicines he employed mercury in medicine he seems to designate bismuth under the name marcasite he was in the habit of preparing oil of turpentine oil of rosemary and spirit of rosemary which afterwards became famous under the name Hungary water these distillation x' were made in a glazed earthen vessel with a glass top and helm his works were published at venice in a single folio volume in the year 1505 there were seven subsequent editions the last of which appeared at Strasbourg in 1613 six John Isaac Holland s and his countrymen of the same name were either two brothers or a father and son it is uncertain which for very few circumstances respecting these two laborious and meritorious men have been handed down to posterity they were born in the village of Stoke in Holland it is supposed in the 13th century they were certainly after our nullus de ville anova because they refer to him in their writings they wrote many treatises on chemistry remarkable considering the time when they wrote for clearness and precision describing their processes with accuracy and even giving figures of the instruments which they employed this makes their books intelligible and they deserve attention because they show that various processes generally supposed of a more modern date were known to them their treatises are written partly in Latin and partly in German the following list contains the names of most of them one opera vegetable eeeh add a juice alia opera intelligent and necessary ax - opera mineral eeeh Sudha lipid philosophical libro duo three tract at von Stein der risin four fragmented quite mhmm iike 5d triplets or Dean elixir is a Lapidus theoria six Tractatus two Salamis ed elias metal Oram seven fragmented the opera philosophorum eight reales cami i operations nine opus saturn i-10 DiSpirito urine AI eleven hander philosopher Olas mauritius complains that their Opera Mini Allah abound with processes but that they are ambiguous in such that nothing certain can be deduced from them even after much labor ants they draw on the unwary tiro from labor to labor I am disposed myself to draw a different conclusion from what I have read of that elaborate work it is true that the processes which profess to make the philosopher's stone are fallacious and do not lead to the manufacture of go as the author intended and expected but it is a great deal when alchemists achill processes are delivered in such intelligible language that you know the substances employed this enables us easily to see the results in almost every case and to know the new compounds which were formed during a vain search for the Philosopher's Stone had the other alchemists written as plainly the absurdity of their researches would have been sooner discovered and thus a useless or pernicious investigation would have sooner terminated seven basel valentine is said to have been born about the year 1394 and is perhaps the most celebrated of all the alchemists if we accept Paracelsus he was a Benedictine monk at Efford in Saxony if we believe Ola spurious his writings were enclosed in the wall of a church at a furred and were discovered long after his death in consequence of the wall having been driven down by a thunderbolt but this story is not well authenticated and is utterly improbable much of his time seems to have been taken up in the preparation of chemical medicines it was he that first introduced antimony into medicine and it is said that on no good authority that he first tried the effects of antimony or medicines upon the monks of his convent upon whom had acted with such violence that he was induced to distinguish the mineral from which these medicines had been distracted by the name of anton whan hostile to monks what shows the improbability of this story is that the works of Basel Valentine and in particular his curious triumphalist antimony were written in the German language now the German name for antimony is not Anton wonna but spiced glass the Curris triumphalist antimony was translated into Latin by King Gaius who published it with an excellent commentary and Amsterdam in 1671 Basel Valentine's rites with almost as much virulence against the physicians of his time as Paracelsus himself did afterwards as no particulars of his life have been handed down to posterity I shall satisfy myself with giving a catalogue of his writings and then pointing out the most striking chemical substances with which he was acquainted the books which have appeared under the name of Basel Valentine are very numerous but how many of them were really written by him and how many our suppositions is extremely doubtful the following are the principal one Phyllis ophea occulta - tract at Van naturally Caen and uber naturally contingent upon durn ersten tincture Roselle and Geist Dermot Allen three von der grosse and stein der herr latin very trickling von stein d ricin five cursor unhung and claire repetition or the reader line vom gross and stein dear Elton six the Prima Materia Lapidus Philippa c7 as a Phyllis ORMs say I rely occult aid the material Lapidus philosophorum eight apocalypsis chemica nine clovis twelve philosophy ten practica eleven opus proclaim add a Trumka quad protest amante the deep feeling of sewer of the Pivo twelve least his Testament 13 D micro Cosmo 14 von der grosse and I'm a leader vault and error ours nee 15 vanderley's in Shafter simon planet n' 16 often behind irva bergen a griefer 17 conclusions or shoosh linden 18 dialogues free itis Alberta calm spiritual 19 des veto of Vermont Oh Phyllis Ephraim 20 Halle agraphia 21 triumph wagon antimony 22 a Nagar reservoir laved 23 leaked dual nature the only one of these works that I have read with care is Kirk nging giasses translation and commentary on the Curris triumphantly santa malai it is an excellent book written with clearness and precision and contains everything respecting antimony that was known before the commencement of the 19th century how much of this is owing to Corinne Gaius I cannot say as I have never had an opportunity of seeing a copy of the original German work of Basel Valentine Basel Valentine like Isaac hollandaise was of opinion that the metals are compounds of salt sulfur and Mercury the Philosopher's Stone was composed of the same ingredients he affirmed that there exists a great similarity between the mode of purifying gold and curing the diseases of men and that antimony answers best for both he was acquainted with arsenic knew many of its properties and mentions the rent compound which forms with sulfur zinc seems to have been known to him and he mentions bismuth both under its own name and under that of marcasite he was aware that manganese was employed to render glass colorless he mentions nitrate of mercury alludes to corrosive sublimate and seems to have known the red oxide of mercury it would be needless to specify the preparations of antimony with which he was acquainted scarcely one was unknown to him which even at present exists in the European pharmacopoeia many of the preparations of lead were also familiar to him he was aware that lead gives a sweet taste to vinegar he knew sugar of lead lafarge yellow oxide of lead white carbonate of lead and mentions that this last preparation was often adulterated in his time he knew the method of making green vitriol and the double chloride of iron and ammonia he was aware that iron could be presip ated from its solution but potash and that iron has the property of throwing down copper he was aware the tin sometimes contains iron and ascribed the brittleness of Hungarian iron copper he knew that oxides of copper gave a green color to glass that Hungarian silver contained gold that gold is precipitated from aqua regia by mercury in the state of an amalgam he mentions fulminating gold but the important facts contained in his works are so numerous while we are so uncertain about the genuineness of the writings themselves that it will scarcely be worthwhile to proceed further with the catalog thus I have brought the history of alchemy to the time of Paracelsus when it was doomed to undergo a new and important change it will be three of true chemistry and in the first place to endeavor to determine what chemical facts were known to the ancients and how far the science had proceeded to develop itself before the time of Paracelsus end of section 5 recording by Lawrence Trask Mount Vernon Ohio interface audio calm you

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