Space Law Treaties and Principles
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The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is the forum for the development of international space law. The Committee has concluded five international treaties and five sets of principles on space-related activities.
These five treaties deal with issues such as the non-appropriation of outer space by any one country, arms control, the freedom of exploration, liability for damage caused by space objects, the safety and rescue of spacecraft and astronauts, the prevention of harmful interference with space activities and the environment, the notification and registration of space activities, scientific investigation and the exploitation of natural resources in outer space and the settlement of disputes.
Each of the treaties stresses the notion that outer space, the activities carried out in outer space and whatever benefits might be accrued from outer space should be devoted to enhancing the well-being of all countries and humankind, with an emphasis on promoting international cooperation.
COMPILATION BOOKLET
Symbol
Year
Title
Available languages
ST/SPACE/61/Rev.2
2017
International Space Law: United Nations Instruments
TREATIES
The treaties commonly referred to as the "five United Nations treaties on outer space" are:
The "Outer Space Treaty"
Adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2222 (XXI), opened for signature on 27 January 1967, entered into force on 10 October 1967
The "Rescue Agreement"
Adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2345 (XXII), opened for signature on 22 April 1968, entered into force on 3 December 1968
The "Liability Convention"
Adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2777 (XXVI), opened for signature on 29 March 1972, entered into force on 1 September 1972
The "Registration Convention"
Adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 3235 (XXIX), opened for signature on 14 January 1975, entered into force on 15 September 1976
The "Moon Agreement"
Adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 34/68, opened for signature on 18 December 1979, entered into force on 11 July 1984.
Click here to find out how many states have ratified the treaties!
PRINCIPLES
The five declarations and legal principles are:
The "Declaration of Legal Principles"
Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space
General Assembly resolution 1962 (XVIII) of 13 December 1963
The "Broadcasting Principles"
The Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting
General Assembly resolution 37/92 of 10 December 1982
The "Remote Sensing Principles"
The Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space
General Assembly resolution 41/65 of 3 December 1986
The "Nuclear Power Sources" Principles
The Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space
General Assembly resolution 47/68 of 14 December 1992
The "Benefits Declaration"
The Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries
General Assembly resolution 51/122 of 13 December 1996
