UNCLASSIFIED
AD 273 660
ARMED SERVICES TECHNICAL INFORMATION AGENCY
ARLINGTON HALL STATION
ARLINGTON 12, VIRGINIA
UNCLASSIFIED
EM-11-62-102 COPY NO. 50
AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE SURVEY
OF SUBMARI ES, TORPEDOES,
ANTI- SUBMARINE WARFARE,
UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS,
AND OCEANOGRAPHY:
1941 TO JANUARY 1962
9 MARCH 1962
Prepared by
BARBARA ANN BRYCE
A DIVIGION OF NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.
Approved by A S T I A
V. J. MICHEL
SUPERVISOR TISIA
LIBRARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
.A.LJTc r I EE -r 1CD E A DIVISION OF NORTH AMWRICA AVI-TI N, INC.
ABST.RACT
This literature survey of 485 references includes
the fields of Submarines (with a descriptive breakdown of
subjects), Anti-Submarine Warfare (AS-), Undersea Weapons
Systems (UWS), Torpedoes, and Oceanography. The latter
pertains primarily to oceanographic instrumentation for
measuring depth or motion of waves or characteristics of
the ocean. Most of the literature references are between
the years 1952 and 1962, although the entire scope ranges
from 1941 to 1963. News items have also been included
where there was belief of value. The references within
each category are alphabetised by source, author, date and
page number. Following the references are 3 complete
indexes: author, source and corporate author and subject.
AIjTCO N FT'I r C A DIVIWON OF NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.
F-4-1 1 -62-1 o
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NOS,
I. ABSTRACT i
II. TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
III. INTRODUCTION 1-2
ABSTRACT NOS.
IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Submarines
1. Control Systems 1- 39
2. Study of Submarine Noise 40- 50
3. Model Tests and Sea Trials 51-115
4. Analytical Studies of Stability and
Control Investigations 116-151
5. General Articles on Submarines
a. Marketing 152-162
b. History and Bibliographies 163-174
c. Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization 175-196
d. Foreign Progress and Past Events 197-212
e. Optical and Other Equipment in/for
Submarines 213-233
f. Nuclear Submarines 234-253
B. Torpedoes 254-293
C. ASW (Anti-Submarine 'Warfare) and UWS (Undersea
Weapons Systems) 294-376
D. Oceanography 377-485
(Oceanographic instrumentation for measuring
depth or motion of waves or characteristics
of the ocean.)
E. Unindexed Apendix
(Wb uncategorized references)
V, AUTHOR INDEX
VI. SOURCE AND CORPORATE AUTHOR INDEX
VII. SUBJECT INDEX
ti
A DIVISION OF NORTH AMEIRICAN AVIATION. INC.
1-11-62-102
I Y, T R 0 D U C T 1 0 N
The present literature survey on submarines is inclusive of many
other vitally related fields -- vital to the defense of our country. This
bibliography makes no pretense of being inclusive of the entire literature
in all of these fields, but ranges in scope from 1941 to January 1962.
Little of the material relates however to the 1940's.
It is believed by those who are in a position to know the facts
that the nation that rules the seas will be able to win any war. The
U.S.S.R. has recognized the importance of this fact; their Arctic research
stations exceed the United States by ten times, and their research ships
exceed twice those of the United States. Their submarine fleet, but not
their Navy in general, is statistically superior to that of the United
States. American oceanographers are endeavoring to make knovm our needs,
and the science of oceanography is rapidly approaching a state of activity
comparable with modern industry. This bibliography combines oceanography,
submarines, torpedoes, and ASW as they cannot be divorced in this age of
the "cold war," always prevailing upon us.
This report has, therefore, been divided accordingly by the
following subjects; as designated by our requestor, Mr. Richard 01shausen,
Preliminary Engineering Section, Advanced Controls Systems Group, Armament
I.
A DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION. INC.
Fs-nl-62-
and Flight Control Division, Anaheim, California:
A. SUMMARISE
1. Control Systems
2. Study of Submarine Noise
3. Model Tests and Sea Trials
4. Analytical Studies of Stability and Control
Investigations
5. General Articles on Submarines
a. Market ing
b. History and Bibliographies
c. Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernisation
d. Foreign Progress and Past Events
e. Optical and Other Equipment in/for
Submarines
f. Nuclear Submarines
B. TOR1EDCES
C. ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) and UWS (Undersea
Weapons Systems)
D. OCEANOGRAPHY, the primary purpose of which is to learn of
oceanographic instrumentation for measuring depth or motion
of waves or characteristics of the ocean.
It is this author's belief that these categorization breakdowns,
combined with a phraseology breakdown within the subject index, are selfexplanatory of content. The references within each category are alphabetized by source, author, date, and page numbers respectively. News items
have been included for the information which we believe will be valuable
in providing knowledge of new developments, contracts awarded or to be'
awarded, and companies working on projects. Additional information may be
obtained through correspondence with these companies. Following the
references are three complete indexes: author, source and corporate author,
and subject. There are V5e references in the main body of the bibliography.
Following the main body is an addendun of 48 uncategorized, unindexed
references. This last section, unearthed between compilation and finalization, has been considered of sufficient usefulness for inclusion.
2
SECTION A
Submarines
SECTION A
Submarines
lo. Control Systems
1. SUBMARINE CONPUTERS. C. F. Abt. (Arma Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1,
December 1959-January 1960, pp. 27-31)
Relative merits of digital vs analog computers in submarine control
equipment; with miniaturization rapidly progressing, single central
digital computer in submarine, controlling all operations such Rs
ship control, detection devices, and fire control, is held to be
optimum solution.
2. ANIp. SUBIC. SMRIC. (Symposium Proceedings, Sponsored by U. S. Ar-y
Signal Corps, Statler-Hilton Hotel, Dallas, Texas, 31 August2 September 1959, Progress Rerort, 1 November 1959, 454 p.,
CONFIDENITIAL) AD-315 579
3. AUTOATIC DEPITH CONITROL OF SUBNAINES. A, Garde and E. Persson.
(ASEA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 4-5, 1960, pp.,65-70)
Design of system is based on experimental frequency-response
curves, characterizing effect of control hydroplanes on hull of
submarine; operational experience.
4. PROPOSED SUBMARINE SHIP CONTROL COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS STUDY FOR
ELECTRIC BOAT. (Autonetics, a division of North American
Aviation, Inc., Report No. E -5575, 28 October 1958,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Electric Boat Company; Submarine systems;
Comuters, submarine.
5. FLIGHT CONTROL CAPABILITIES - STEERING AID DIVING SYSTEM FOR
SUBMARINE AGSS - 555. (Autonetics,. a division of North
American Aviation, Inc., Downey California, (Armament
and Flight Control product line5 , Report No. EM-7252,
5 September 1961, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: Autonetics - Capabilities; Submarines -
Diving; Submarines - Control Systems; Flight Control Systems;
AGSS-555 (Model)
6. STEERING AND DIVING SYSTEMS FOR SUBMARINE AGSS-555 - Technical Proposal.
(Atonetics, a division of North American Aviation, Inc., Downey,
California, (Armament and Flight Control product liR8), Report
No. EM-7253, 5 September 1961, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contens include: AGSS-555 (Model); Submarines - Diving;
Submarines - Control Systems.
7. STARDAC. A IHYBIRD COI FUTER IEPS SUB ON TARGET. G. D. Bcinhocke)r and
T. J. Fitzgerald. (Control Enggineering, Vol. 8, June 1961, pp. 101-105)
8. THE RESPONSE OF A SSGN (FBM) SUBr-MARIiE TO SUBNERGED LAUNCING OF
SIXTEEN POLARIS MISSILES BASED Oi AINALOG COMPUTER STUDIES.
(CONFIDENTIAL TITLE). J. W. Church and C (David
Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-910, January 195e, 29 p.,
CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 044L
Submit request via Chief, Bureau of Ships, Navy Department,
Washington 25, D. C.
9 THE DESIGN OF CONTTROL SURFACES FOR HYDRODYNAMIC APPLICATIONS. 9. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-358,
January 1951, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-133 155
10. POLARIS CREWS GET COVNTROL SIMULATOR: NAVIGATIONAL TRAINI. (Electronics,
Vol. 34, 9 June 1961, pp. 30-31)
11. NAVY PLANS 12-411AN KILLER SUB: SUBMARITE INTEGraTED CONTROL rROGRA.
(Electronics, Vol. 33, 29 January 1960, pp. 28-29)
12. TACTICAL CONTROL I ANALYSIS OF INFOR1,1ATION REQUIREMENTS. Francis J. Wuest and John M. Newton. (Electric Boat
Report No. TR-411-HF-17, November 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Tactical control systems;
AST (Model); Displays, tactical; Submarines -- Testing;
Displays, optical; Submarines -- Control; Submarines -- Research;
Submarines -- Evasion characteristics.
13. SHIP CONTROL III DEPTH SEEKING AND DEPTH KEEPING WITH A ONE-SURFACE
CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY. Raymond C. Sidorsky and John M. Newton.
(Electric Boat, Report No. TR-4ll-HF-l6, August 1958, UNCIASSIFIED)
Contents include: SJBIC (Model); Displays, optical; Submarines --
Testing; Displays, visual; Displays, tactical; Submarines --
Control; Submarines -- Research; Submarines -- Evasion characteristics;
Tactical control systems.
14. SHIP CONTROL IV AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF TT. UTILITY OF A
PITCH-RATE INDICATOR IN SUBMARINE DEPTH CONTROL.
Raymond C. Sidorsky and John M. Newton. (Electric Boat,
Report No. TR-411 -H-21, December 195e, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Displays, optical; SubmarinesTesting; Tactical control systems; Displays, tactical;
Submarines - Research; Submarines - Control; Submarines -
Evasion characteristics.
15. SHIP CONTROL V THE EFFECTS OF MOTION AND NUMBER OF SURFACES ON
DEPTH COITROL WV1ITH A CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY.
Raymond C. Sidorsky and John M. Newton. (Electric 'Boat,
Report No. SPD-59-OlO, February, 1959, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: SUiLIC (Model); Tests, performance;
Submarines -- Testing; Tactical Control Systems; Displays,
optical; Displays, tactical; Submarines -- Control;
Submarines -- Evasion characteristics; Submarines -- Research.
16. SHIP CONTROL VII JUDGMENT OF PITCH WITH VISUAL AND NON-VISUAL CUES.
Bret As Charipper (Electric Boat, Report No. TR-4ll-HF-14,
1 July 1958,UNCIASSIFIED)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Displays, visual; Displays,
optical; Submarines, research; Displays, pictorial; Submarines,
Control; Submarines - Evasion characteristics; tactical control
systems.
17. SUBIC, SHIP CONTROL I. THE ELECTRIC BOAT SUBMARINE SIMULATOR.
(General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division,
Groton, Connecticut, Report No. SFD 59-011)
18. SUBIC SUBMARINE INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAM. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-166700,
Report No. 411HP-6 Technical Progress Report No. 1, 1 March-30 June
1957, CONFIDENTIALS AD-309 938
Observation of the BuAer-ONR sponsored Army-Navy Instrument
Program indicates that it has already resulted in significant breakthroughs in the field of aircraft control, and further that it
promises even greater succeae in the future, assuming that work in
progress and planned is satisfactorily completed. Although submarine
control and aircraft control are not equivalent, there are certain
similarities in the control requirements for the two. It is therefore
pertinent to examine the philosophy and methodology of the ANIP
program to determine whether they would be of value in attacking
the submarine control problem.
19, SHIP CONTROL II LINEAR AND NONLINEAR QUICKENING. (General Dynamics
Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Report No. TR-411-HF-12,
15 June 1958)
20. SUBIC. SUBMARINE INTEGRATED CONTROL. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, 30 June 1957, 34 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
This brochure outlines a program for the development of a Submarine
Integrated Control System aimed at gaining greater effectiveness for
submarines.
The nature of submarine control is discussed in the light of the
historical development of naval vessels, current advances in aircraft
and industrial control procedures, and anticipated submarine performance requirements.
The various submarine control areas are described in some detail,
and the scope of the submarine's control problem and the demands on
its commanding officer, as expressed in the "command loop" are set
forth. A program for mting these demands is delineated. For its
accomplishment an industry-wide organization is proposed, under
direction of a "systems manager" responsible to a steering committee
composed of representatives of cognizant Navy Bureaus and Offices.
The ultimate objectives of the program are to increase the
submarine's combat effectiveness, reduce crew requirements and decrease operational training requirements. One concept leading to
these objectives is sketched.
21. SUBIC SUBMARINE INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAM TECHNICAL REPORT. (General
Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut,
Report No. 411 HF-8, Technical Progress Report No. 2, 1 July-30
September 1957, 23 p., 14 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-309 939
Perhaps the most significant conceptual development during this
quarter has been in engineering and casualty control. The section
of this report dealing with engineering control describes the extension of the ubiquitous feedback model from depicting man as an
element in a continuous control loop to picturing his more frequent
function as a monitor.
Engineering and casualty control have been treated together in
this report since, with the closed loop model, casualty control is
distinguished from monitoring the engineering loop only by the phenomena to be monitored and complexity of the action to be taken.
Monitoring the performance of the engineering loop, whether in its
normal mode of operation or in one of the emergency modes, implies
detection of a malfunction and only limited response alternatives.
Casualty control implies the more variable procedures of fault location
and repair. There is an extensive literature in the field of fault
location which will be applicable to SUBIC.
I
22. SUBIC STATUS REPORT ON PHASE I. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract NOnr 2512(00),
Report No. P58-145(CEB415), 15 August 1958, 165 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-303 303
The objective of Phase I of the SUBIC program is to determine
the fundamental nature of the submarine's control requirements
and to plan and conduct research leading to satisfaction of these
requirements. Achievement of this objective constitutes the
essential first step in establishing a sound foundation for the
long-range program.
23. SHIP CONTROL VI STEERING AND DIVING A SUBMIARINE WITH A CONTACT
ANALOG DISPLAY. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric
Boat Division, TR-411-HG-20, December 1958)
24. SHIP CONTROL IV AN MPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE UTILITY OF A PITCHRATE INDICATOR IN SUBMARINE DEPTH CONTROL. (General Dynamics
.Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Report No. TR-411-MH-21,
December 1958)
25. SUBIC, SHIP CONTROL VI. STEERING AND DIVING A SUHKARINE WITH A
CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY. (General Dynamics Corp., Electric Boat
Division, Groton, Connecticut, TR No. 411 HF-20, December 1958.)
26. TACTICAL CONTROL II SUBIC TACTICAL DISPLAY REQUIREENTS. (General
Dynamics, Electric Boat Division, SPD-59-O0I, January 1959,
coNFIDENTIAL) AD-305 329
27. SHIP CONTROL VIII SINGLE-ELEMENT VS. TWO-ELDENT DISPLAY IN TWODIMENSIONAL TRACKING. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric
Boat, Report No. SPD-59-003, February 1959)
28. PROJECT SUBIC. COMMAND CONTROL I. MULTIPLE DISPLAY MONITORING II.
CONTROL-DISPLAY SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT. Wesley C. Blair and
Herbert M. Kaufman. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric
Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200, Report
No. P59-100; SPD59-Oe2, November 1959, 15 p.) AD-231 616
The effect of varying display-control spatial arrangement and
total signal frequency on monitoring proficiency was investigated.
Three conditions of display and control separation, ranging from
grouped to separated, were used, each with three displays and
associated controls. A separate group of subjects (s) was
used for each of the three display-control arrangements. Subjects
were given two 15-min sessions a day for 5 days, a total of 10
sessions. For half the sessions Ip received high frequency tapes
(60-20-4 signals) and for half, low frequency tapes (15-5-1 signals).
Subjects pushed one set of control buttons to light and observe the
displays and another set to report detections and reset signals.
Only one display could be observed at a time. Reset times were
recorded as measures of overall proficiency while frequency and
duration of observing were taken as observation measures.
29. A PROPOSAL FOR A COORDINATED SUBMARINE-ELECTRONICS DESIGN PROGRAM.
(Electric Boat, Report No. R-61-A-03, 3 January 1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SINS; Navigation Systems, Submarine;
Control Systems, Shipboard; Communication/Control Systems;
Combat Information Centers; Submarine Systems; Submarines--
.Control; Submarines -- Research.
30. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL X TRACKING IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE WITH A
CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY. Bret A. Charirer. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Electric
Boat Technical Report SPD 59-083, August 1959, 9 p.) AD-231 615
Five inexperienced male subjects were required to steer a
simulated submarine along a one-eurface contact analog roadway ror
five sessions. The roadway was approximately 137.4 scale ft.
wide and 100 scale ft. below the submarine. The contact analog was
mounted in the Electric Boat Submarine Simulator which provided
the vestibular/kinesthetic cues of roll and the equations of
motion of a SKIPJACK class submarine traveling at 16 knots.
On the fifth day, Photographic records were taken at 1-second
intervals of the simulated submarine's position relative to the
white center line of the roadway. Data for to subjects were lost
due to a malfunction of the recording camera.
From the data of the remaining three subjects, it was concluded
that operators can follow a prescribed path in the horizontal plane
using a contact analog roadway. It was also concluded that inexperienced
subjects can reach a high level of performance (80-100% time on the
roadway) by at least the fifth session (102 minutes of practice).
31. SUBIC. ENGINEiMIG CONTROL: I. TULTIPLE DISPLAY NOIITORING.
A. E. Hickey and W. C. Blair. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Technical Report No. SPD 59-002,
January 1959)
32. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL III. DEPTH SEEMING AND DEPTH FEPING WITH
A ONE-SURFACE CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY. Raymond C. Sidorsk and
John M. Newton. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat
Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200, Technical
Report No. 411 HF-16; P58-133, August 1958, 14 p.) AD-204 395
Seven operators (four submarine officers and three civilians)
effected two types of maneuvers in a simulated submarine situation
using only the information presented in a one-surface Contact Analog
display. The maneuvers were: (1) changing depth 200 ft up or down
(depth seeking) and (2) hold a constant depth while counteracting
a forcing function (depth keeping). The experiment was confined to
a study of the visual cues of the Contact Analog and did not include
the vestibular-kinesthetic cues normally present in the submarine.
Eash operator was given ten 3-min trials in both depth keeping and
depth seeking over a five-day period.
33. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL VIIoJUDGEMENT OF PITCH WITH VISUAL NONVISUAL CUES. Bret A. Charivner, (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200,
Technical Report No. 411 HF-14; P58-109, 1 July 1958, 13 p.) AD-201 476
Thirty male subjects, 15 in each of two experimental sonditions,
were rotated in the pitgh plane to 20 angles spaced in 4 intervals
over a range of plus 40 to minus 40 . Each subject made and reported
verbally two judgements at each angle, which resulted in a total of
30 judgements per angle in each condition. The judgements of the
subjects in Condition II were based on both the visual cues of a
contact analog display and the vestibular-kinesthetic cues of body
tilt. It was found, that with vestibular-kinesthetic cues alone,
the subjects generally underestimated both up and down pitch angles
and that, on the average, the size of their errors tended to increase
with the size of the pitch angle. When given visual cues in addition
to the vestibular-kinesthetic cues, however, subjects were usually
more accurate in their estimates and showed relatively little increase
in error as the pitch angle increased.
34. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL V. THE EFFECTS OF MOTION AND NUKBER
OF SURFACES ON DEPTH CONTROL WITH A CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY.
R n d C. Sidor!U and John M. Newton. (General Dynamics.
Corporation9 Electric Boat Division Oroton, Connecticut,
Contract Nor-251200, Technical Report No. SPD 59-O1Oj
P59-O12, February 1959, 9 P.) AD-213-618
Five submarine officers controlled a simulator which incorporated a Contact Analog (CA) display and a single Joystick
control. They vere required to make 200-ft depth changes under
four different display conditions. Each operator made 20
depth changes with a one-surface CA and 20 with a two-surface
CA. Forward motion was shown during ton of the trials with
each type of CA but omitted during the other ten. Bach
trial was 180 seconds in length. The maneuvers consisted of
depth changes only; no changes in heading or speed were
involved. Three criteria were used to evaluate performance
.under the four experimental conditions. These weres (1) depth
error at time 180 seconds; (2) greatest depth error after time
60 seconds; and (3) time within + 30 ft. or ordered depth.
Each of these three measures was subjected to a separate analysis
of variance.
35. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL IX. AN EVALUATION OF A HORIZON-AT-INFINITY
IN A CONTACT ANALOG DISPLAY. Raymond C. Sidorskv and Frederick L. Allen.
(General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Groton,
Connecticut, Contract None-251200, Report No. P59-3.40, SFD 59-084,
August 1959, 11 p., 10 refs.) AD-231 615
The value of the display of a horizon-at-infinity as an aid in
depth control with a Contact Analog (CA) Display was investigated.
Three experimental displays were used: (i) a basic two-surface CA,
(ii) the basic CA with a horizon-at-infinity, and (iii) the horizonat-infinity without'the associated CA surfaces. Twenty-one subjects
were divided into 3 equal groups and each was tested on a different
display. The task involved changing the depth of a simulated submarine
using only the information available in the experimental display.
The results indicate that additional cues of depth provided by the
addition of a horizon-at-infinity result in a statistically signifaoant
inprovement in depth discrimination. However, although the improvement is statistically significant, performance is still not at a
level of precision which would make operational adaptation of a
Contact Analog display feasible.
36, COMMAND INFORMATION AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS. W.S. Vaughan, Jr.
(Human Sciences Research, Inc., Report No. H SR-RR-59/2-DD,
September 1959, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includes ASW (Model); SUBIC (Model); Submarines - Research;
Displays, optical; Displays, tactical; Control systems, closed loop;
Submarines - Control; Submarines:- Evasion characteristics.
37. FINAL REPORT FOR SUBIC WEAPONS CONTROL INFGRMATION REQUIREMENTS STUDY.
(IBa, 3-260-3667, 19 July 1959, SECRET)
38. SUBIC WEAPONS CONTROL SYSTEM INFOiR4ATION PJQIIRJ.4ETS STUDY FINAL
REPORT. (Librascope, Report No. FR-59-G-31, 31 July 1959,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Control systems, weapons;
Submarines - Evasion characteristics; Displays, optical;
Displays, tactical; submarines - Control; Submarines - Research;
Tactical control systems.
39. SUBIC SHIP CONTROL INTERIM COMPUTER STUDY. Curtis e Gittings.
(Librascope Inc., Glendale, California. Subcontract to
General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Groton,
Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200, Report No. L-07092-(A),
26 May 1960, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-317 728
Mathematical techniques are developed for the control of
the lateral and longitudinal motion of modern high-speed
submarines using conventional submarine control surfaces.
These techniques permit efficient depth changing and course changing
without undesired lateral-to-longitudinal coupling effects and
within safe roll and pitch limits.
Confentional linear control methods and non-linear predictor
or limit control methods are employed. An evaluation of the
control methods based an a six degree of freedom digital
simulation is included. A discussion of instrumentation
requirements is also included*
SECTION A
Submarines
2. Study of Submarine Noise
40. ST-BYLARINE HYDRAULICS.. .DESIGNING FOR SAFETY AND SILETCE. (Applied
Hydraulics & Pneumatics, Vol. 13, No. 2, February 1960, pp. 62-65)
Reliability and low noise level are two principles which guide
submarine designer; hydraulic system has many fail-safe features to
insure safet ' or crew nd equipment; main system, vital system,
and lead system supply fluid at 3000 psi to various ship operations;
hydraulic components for system operation; circuit diagram of three
pumlp-aecumulator systems.
41, LITERAL VIBRATIONS IN RECIPROCMTING ACHTNEIY. C. F, Lowell. (ASM)
Paper No. 58-A-79 for meeting 30 November-5 December 1958, 13 p.)
Author points out coupling between torsional and lateral
vibration in reciprocating machinery; development of test apparatus
which made possible control of variables involved; calculations
valuable to engine and compressor builders as well as to manufacturers
of other types of reciprocating machinery.
42. ADDED MASS YOPENT OF INFTIA INDUCED BY TORSIONAL VIBRATION OF SHIPS.
T. Kumai. (European Shipbuilding, Vol. 7, No. 6, 1958, pp. 147-153)
Investigation of prism having sections similar to hull sections
on water to obtain information for Pstimating natural frequency
of torsional vibration of ships; special consideration is given
to effect of draft; formula for estimation of added mass moment
of inertia induced by torsional vibration of tanker, for example,
is deduced for use in design room.
43. PROJECT SUBIC: TACTICAL CONTROL I. ANALYSIS OF INFORZATION REQUIREMENTS.
Francis J. Wuest and Jh. Nto. (General Dynamics Corp.,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-2512(O0),
Technical Report No. 411, November 1958, 23 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-304 809
A method for determining the information requirements of a human
operator in cases where experienced operators are not available for
usual interview techniques is presented. The method described is
well suited for applications in the submarine tactical control loop.
Because of rapid advances in the development of submarine tactical
control equipment there are few officers experienced with the latest
sonar, weapons, comunications and fire control. The technique
recommended and described for determining information requirements,
therefore, is to present a submarine officer with a laboratory
simulation of the tactical problem to be investigated. In the laboratory
exercise, a minimum amount of information is presented to the subject
on a simplified analog display. All specific information, including
any items not presented in the display, are then made available at
the subject's request. Items of requested information are recorded
and analyzed. Results of an application of this method to a typical
ASW problem are presented, and advantages and shortcomings of the
method are discussed.
4. DOPPLER SONAR NAVIGATION STUDY. (General Electric Co., Syracuse,
New York, Contract NObsr-72647, Interim Development Report No. 1,
15 February-15 May 1957, 28 October 1957, 114 p., CO1FIDE1NTIAL)
AD-309 129L
All requests require approval of Chief, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept.,
' Washington 25, D. C., Attn: Code 312.
45. MODEL TESTS FOR DETERMINING CRITICAL VIBRATIONS OF RUDDERFOST OF
"MARINER" RUDDER. R. Wereldsma. (International Shipbuilding
Progress, Vol. 6, No. 57, May 1959, pp. 187-195)
Investigation of bending and torsional vibration phenomena;
laws of mechanical similarity which must be satisfied in tests;
it appears from measurements of tension amplitudes that excitation
of rudder by helicoidal tip vortices of propeller is not exactly
harmonic but that it also contains noise element; added mass of
rudder could be established from measurements. Paper before Delft
Conference of Inst Physics.
46, NOE ON PROPELLER-EXCITED HULL VIBRATIONS. A. J, TachmindA and
R. T. McGoldrick. (Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 3, No. 1,
June 1959, pp. 28-35, 27 refs.)
Summary of information and techniques available for predicting
levels of service vibration of ship in design stage; this involves
estimating exciting forces and vibrstory response of hull to given
forces; it is emphasized that reliability depends on availability
of data for ships actually in operation as standard of comparison.
47. ELIMINATING GEAR WEAR ON C4 VESSELS. J, J, Murpbv. (Marine
Engineering, Vol. 64, No. 2, February 1959, pp. 79-81+)
Analysis of vibratory problem which occurred in propulsion
units of World War II C4-S-44 vessels; mode of vibration was
longitudinal, in which propeller excited propulsion gears in fore
and aft direction, and was resolved by substitution of fivebladed propeller for four-bladed unit; propulsion unit consists
of nested, double reduction gear driven by cross compound H-P
and L-P turbines, nominally rated 9000 shp at 85 turns.
48. DOOR OPEN TO 'LOW-TEbP THEBMIONICS. William Boller. (Kissiles and
Rockets, 31 July 1961, p. 24)
FICO-built converter spells longer life for cells using readily
available materials; a step toward noiseless subs.
The cells may be bringing the Navy a little nearer to realizing
its dream of a noiseless submarine powerplant. It may also mean
that solar thermionic power generators will become easier to design.
And "low-temperature" thermionics undoubtedly can open up many
applications not practical with present cells.
49 NEW FLEET OF MIDGET SUBS. (News Item from Naval Research Reviews,
1959, p. 28)
The Navy is getting a whole fleet of new "submarines." They look
very much like torpedoes, being comparable in size, but maneuver and
sound like submarines. They are submarine target simulators (built
by Clevits Corporation) 11 feet long, 10 inches in diameter, weighing
344 pounds.
The new device can be launched from ships and helicopters and even
through a large sub's torpedo tubes with the use of an adapter. Able
to travel up to 10 knots for two hours on rechargeable batteries,
they can dive, turn, and maneuver like the real thing. They also
sent out engine noises and sonar signals to aid in target practice
and in recovery. The use of this device in training naval forces
in antisubmarine warfare will enable the Navy to use conventional
submarines in jobs they were meant for, rather than as targets for
ASW training.
50. VIBRATION ISOLATION FOR SU34ARINE MACHINERY. A.C. Summers.
(Noise Control, Vol. 6, No. 4., July-August 1960, pp. 10-12)
Outline of design proceedings for solving problem of
isolating machining vibrations from surrounding medium;
present design control procedure; developments toward
improvement.
SECTION A
Submarines
3. Model Tests and Sea Trials
51. LAUNCHING OF THE ROBERT E. LEE (SSB(N)6o1)j ILLUSTRATIONS WITH
TEXT. (American Society of Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 72,
February 1960, p. 8)
52. FIRST DAYS OF MARK I. E. E, Kintner. (American Society of Naval
Engineers Journal, Vol. 72, No. 1, February 1960, pp. 9-13)
Information on construction and testing, including simulated
under-ocean run, of STR (Submarine Thermal Reactor,) ''ARK I, which
served as land-based prototype for USS Nautilus.
53- CAPABILITIES AND FACILITIES FOR SUI3IC PROGIAM. (Autonetics,
a division of North American Aviation, Inc., Downey, California,
Report No. EM-5561, 21 October 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Submarine systems.
54. PROPOSED SUBMARINE CO MfI4D LOOP INFOaLkTION IREQUIRE1,.1!TS STUDY
FOR ECTRIC BOAT. (Autonetics, a division of North American
Aviation, Inc., Downey, California, Report No. E-M-5560,
21 October 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarine systems; SUBIC (Model)
55. PROPOSED SUBMARINE SHIP CONTROL INFORMATION REQUIRIENTS STUDY
FOR ELECTRIC BOAT. (Autonetics, a division of North American
Aviation, Inc., Downey, California, Report No. EM-5558,
21 October 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Submarine systems
560 PROPOSED SUBMAURINE WE1,APONS CONTROL INFORMATION REQUIREME-NTS
STUDY FOR ELECTRIC BOAT. (Autonetics, a division of'-
North American Aviation, Inc., Dow~ney, California,
Report No. EM-5559, 21 October 1958, CONFIDIqrIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Submarine systems
570 POLARIS PROGIRAMV PROGRtESS R? PORT. (Autonetics, a division of'
North American Aviation, Ince, Downey, California, (Inertial
N~avigation product line), Report No. M4_-2342-3, 1 November
1960, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: POLARIS (Model); SINS (Model); Autonavigators,
Submarine; Submarines, FBMI; )(-7 (Model); Autonavigators,
Inertial.
58- CLASSIFIED TITLE. R.A. Walker and J.Z. Menarde, (Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Inc., Whippany, N.J., Cotract Nonr-2146100, 7 December 1959, 1.6 p., TR No. 3, Proj. NR 261-311, SECRET) Afl-318 592
Contents include; Submarines; Detection*; Tests; Zritish
Columbia.
59 ThB S!MPOSIUM ON BOUNDARYf-LAYER-CONTIOL SYSTE4S. (David Taylor Model Basin, Aero Report No. 876, February 1955.9 CONFIDENTfIAL)
60. FEASIBILITY OF BOW PLANE RE;MOVAL ON FUTURE SUBMARINE DESIGNS DETERP,115D FROM FULL-SCALE TRIALS OF USS ALBACCRE (AGSS569). (David Taylor
Model Basin, Report No. C-9L5, April 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines - Design; Submarines, auxiliary;
ALBACORE (Model).
61. SUB1, RG.;D TURNING A1,1U MA NIhEbTVRING C HARACTLRISTIC3 OF THE USS
SKIPJACK (SSN 585) FROM FBEE-RUNNING MODEL TESTS.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No.. C-1023, January 1959,
COQ 01IDErTfI AL)
Contents include: Submarines - Maneuvering; SKIPJACK (Model).
62. USS ALBACORE (AGSS569) VARIATIONS OF SHAFT TORQUE AND THRUST
DURING STEADY SPIArE AND IN TURNS WHILE DEEPLY SUBMERGED.
B.E. Bayles. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-877,
January 195, 31 p., CONFIDENTIAL.)
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
63. FULL-SCALE LONGITUDINAL DYNAMIC STABILITY, METACENTRIC MOMENT
DERIVATIVE, AND EFFECTIVE MOMENT OF INERTIA CHARACTERISTICS
OF USS ALBACORE (AGSS569) WITH SECOND STERN CONFIGURATION.
Louis J. Belliveau. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report C-830,
May 1957, CONFIDENTIAL)
64. THE RESISTANCE AND PROPULSICX CHARACTERISTICS OF THE USS ALBACORE
(AGSS 569). John L. Beveridge. (David Taylor Model-Basin,
Washington, Report No. C-569, August 1953, 66 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
A series of tests were conducted on TMB Model h336 to determine
the resistance and propulsion characteristics of the USS
ALBACORE. The ALBACORE, formerly designated SST Scheme 4,
represents the end result of efforts to provide a high-speed
target for the evaluation of antisubmarine systems and weapons.
This report presents the test results pertaining to the
resistance and propulsion characteristics of the ALBACORE up to
and including the establishment of the contract design.
65. ANALOG COMUTIR STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF INCREASING THE BOW PLANE
ANGLE TO 25 DEGREES DIVE AT FULL POlir-R ON THE U.S.S. ALBACORE
(AGSS569). J. w. Church. (David Taylor Model Basin, Letter
C-21/2 ALBACORE, C-$8, 28 September 1955)
66. AN EVALUATION CP TE HANDLING QUALITIES OF THE SSN585, BASED ON
SUBMARINE SIMULATOR STUDIES. J. W. @hc. (David Taylor Model
Basin, Report No. 0-77 9, June 1956, CONFIDETIAL)
The handling qualities of the SSN585, with fairwater planes.
(PD3292) are evaluated on the basis of definitive maneuvers in the
vertical plane computed on the David Taylor Model Basin submarine
simulator facility. These maneuvers are designed to reflect both
the physical capability of the submarine alone and the degree to
which the vessel may be controlled by the human operator. The
trajectories are compared with those computed for the operational
submarine SS569 and for the SSN585 with bow planes. It was found
that the SSN585 with fairwater planes has about the same degree
of dynamic stability at all speeds as the SS569 and that other handling
qualities are also comparable to those of the SS569. The use of
fairwater planes was found to be superior to use of conventional
bow planes. A modest improvement in performance may be obtained by
increasing the plane deflection rates to about 10 degrees per second.
67. CLASSIFIED TITLE. James W. Church. (David Taylor Model Basin,
Washington,.D. C., Report No. C-874, September 1957, 28 p.,
10 refs., CONFIDE1TIAL) AD-303 174L
Submit request via Chief, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept., Washington 25,
D. C.
68. USS NAUTILUS SS(N)571 STANDARDIZATION TRIAL COMPARISON WITH MIODEL
PREDICTIONS. John J. Foster. (David Taylor Model Basin, Washington,
D. C., Report No. C-974, Research and Development Report., July
1958, 18 p., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 311L
Available to U. S. Military organizations only.
Standardization trial data have been comred with predictions
from model tests for the USS NAUTILUS (SS(N)571). Comparisons of
shaft revolutions, ship speed, shaft horsepower, thrust, and propulsive coefficients of the submarine and model are presented for
both surfaced and submerged conditions.
69. DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN SUEMARINE SIMULATOR FACILITY.
D.L. Greenber . (David Taylor Model Basin report,
September 19-)
70. A FULL-SCALE EVALUATION OF THE HANDLING QUALITIES OF USS ALBACORE
(AGSS569) WITH THE FIRST STERN CONFIGURATION. Franklin Hawkins.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-732, June 956,
CONFIDENTIAL)
71. USS ALBACORE (AGSS569) WIT1 SECOND STERN CONFIGURTION TACTIC iL CONDITION.
James A. Heffner. (David Taylor Model Basin, Washington, D. C.,
Research and Development Report No. C-859, September 1957, 14 p.,
CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 354L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
72. USS RATON (SSR270) SPECTRUY ANALYSIS OF MOTION DATA FRO SEA TRIAITESTS 21-25 PRELIMINARY RESULTS, PART III. S. E. Lee, (David
Taylor Nodel Basin, Washington, D. C., Report No. 1250, Research
and Development Report, June 1958, 45 p.) AD-205 656L
Available to U. S. Nilitary Organizations only.
73. A SDIULATOR EVALUATION OF T HAWDLING QUALITIES OF THE TRITON SSR(N)586
IN THE VERTICAL PLANE. Alan G. Lewis. (David Taylor Model Basin,
Washington, D. C., Report No. C-897, Research and Develoient Report.,
Febriary 1958, 43 p., 13 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 290L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
The handling qualities of the contract design of the TRITON,
SSR(N)586, are evaluated on the basis of definitive maneuvers in
the vertical plane computed on the Submarine Simulator Facility
at the David Taylor Model Basin. These maneuvers are designed to
reflect the inherent performance of the submarine as well as the
degree to which it may be controlled by human operator or automatic
control.. The trajectories of the TRITON are compared with those
computed for the USS ALBACORE with the second stern configuration
(ALBACORE II). Several modifications of the subject submarine are
investigated including increase in stabilizer span, metacentric
height, and stern plane deflection rate. It is found that the
handling qualities of the TRITON, although inferior to those of
ALBACORE II, are satisfactory for a submarine of such large size,
and for the performance of its primary mission. Several changes to
the contract design are recommended however, which should improve
submerged vertical plane performance.
74. THE IWITIPPING RESPONSE OF A SIMPLE SUB:ARI11E MODEL TO UNDERWATER EXPLOSIONS
AT VARIOUS DEPTHS. Richard W. Mayo. T. Francis Ogilvie, and
George Chertock. (David Taylor Model Basin, Research and Development
Report, Report No. C-802, December 1957, 31 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-303 294L
75. CLASSIFIED TITLE. Robert K. McCandliss. (David Taylor Model Basin,
Washington, D. C., Report No. C-939, Research and Development
Report, August 1958, 21 p., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 298L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
76. CLASSIFI TITLE, 0. C. Niederer and B * (David Taylor Model
Basin, Report No. C-63, Janry 19,q, 51 .., CONFDENTIAL.) AD-307 321
77. MOEL TURNING AND MkNEUVEING TESTS OF THE US SKATE (SN578) F(R
SURFACE AND SUBMRGED CONDITION. C. R. Olson. (David Taylor Model
Basin, Report No. C-838, March 19517, I p., FIDSnmrAL.) AD-i5 533
78. CLASSIFIED TITLE. C.R. Olson. (David Taylor Model Basin,
Report No. C-935,, March 1956, 18 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-303 175L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
79. SUBMERGED TURNING AND PANEUERING CH:ARACTERISTICS OF TEE SSBN (FBI)
598 SUBMARINE FROM FREE-RUNNING NODEL TESTS. C. R. Olson. (David
Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-973, June 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-303 233L
Available to U. S. Military organizations only.
80. TACTICAL TRIALS OF USS SAILFISH (SSR572). B. G. Pifer.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-9-67 June 1;;8,
19p., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 194L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
81. A REPRESENTATION OF THE SUBM1GED DYWMIIC BEHAVIOR OF SUBMARINES; PROPOSED
FOR THE SPEIAL DEVICES CENTER SUBKARINE SIMUIATOR. L. Pods and J. W.
Church. (David Taylor Mdel Basin, Rept. C-661, Novwebr 1959,
82. USS NAUTILUS (SS(N)571) ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION
CHARACTERISTICS AND STEERING GEAR PERFORMANCE IN TURNS,
Paul V. Ruscus. (David Taylor Model Basin, Washington, D.C.,
Report No. f-97, Evaluation Teat Report, October 1958,
14 p., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-306 253L
Available to U.S. Military Organizations only.
This report represents results of acceleration and
deceleration trials on the US NAUTILUS (SS(N)571) for both
surfaced and submerged operations. Shaft torque, thrust,
RPM, astern steam chest pressure, main condenser vacuum, steam
generator drum pressure, and first stage turbine shell pressure
are plotted against time for surfaced and submerged operations.
In addition, instantaneous speed and reach are plotted for
surfaced operation. Data taken during a hard right turn at full
power are represented in curves of shaft RPM, torque, thrust,
rudder angle, and change of heading versus time.
An attempt was made to record rudder ram pressures during
turns, but the records obtained were obviously in error and,
therefore, are not included in this report* The data presented
herein are considered valid. Test runs were precisely executed
and the instrumentation, with the one exception noted,
functioned well.
83. COMPARATIVE SEAKEEPING TESTS AT THE DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN,
THE NETHERLANDS SHIP MODEL BASIN, AND THE ADMIRALTY
EXPERIMENT WORKS. George Pe Stefun. (David Taylor Model
Basin Washington, D.C., Report No. 1309, May 1960,
35 p. AD-238 625
Comparative results are presented of seakeeping tests on a
model in waves run at the David Taylor Model Basin, the
Netherlands Ship Model Basin, and the Admiralty Experiment
Works. A brief description is given of the test methods used
by the three tanks in connection with the test program
initiated by the International Towing Tank Conference.
The results of the wave tests are compared with respect to
resistance, shaft rpm, heave amplitude, pitch amplitudes
and phase-angle measurements. The comparisons indicate that fair
agreement among the three tanks exists for most of the test
conditions, but somewhat large discrepancies exist for conditions
of low model speeds and for large wave amplitudes. The reasons
for discrepancies are discussed together with recommendations
for improved correlations for future seakeeping test results.
84. USS TROUT (SS566) STANDARDIZATION TRIAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH
PREDICTIONS FROM MODEL TESTS. C.J. Wilson and W.T. Potter.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-921, March 1956, 26 p.,
CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 193L
Available to U.S. Military Organizations only.
85. SUBIC. (Electric Boat, Report No. CEB-304, 30 June 1957,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Submarine systems
86. STATUS REPORT, August 15, 1958. (Electric Boat, Report No. CEB-415,
15 August 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Submarine systems.
87. ENGINEERING CONTROL I MULTIPLE DISPLAY MONITORING. (Electric
Boat, Report No. SPD-59-002, January 1959, UNCLASSIFIED.)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Displays, optical;
Signals - Detection; Submarines - Detection; Displays, tactical;
Submarines - Control; Submarines - Evasion characteristics;
Submarines - Research; Tactical control systems.
88. STATUS REPORT PHIASE II. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat
Division, Report No. CEB-0733, 15 August 1958-15 August 1959,
COEF IDENTIAL)
89. SHIP CONTROL VI STEERING AND DIVING A SUBMARINE WITH A CONTACT
ANALOG DISPLAY. Raymond . Sidorsky. (Electric Boat,
Report No. TR-411-HF-20, December 1958, UNCIASSIFIED)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Displays, visual; Displays,
optical; Simulators, submarine; Submarines -- Testing;
Displays, tactical; Submarines -- Research; Submarines --
Control; Submarines -- Evasion characteristics; Tactical
control systems.
90. SHIP CONTROL VIII SINGLE-ELEMET VS. TWO-ELEMNT DISPLAY IN
TWO'DIMENSIONAL TRACKING. Bret A, Charipper. (Electric Boat,
Report No. SPD-59-003, February 959, UNCASSIFIED.)
Contents include: Displays, optical; SUBIC (Model); Tests,
performance; Submarines -- Testing; Displays, tactical;
Submarines -- Control; Submarines -- Evasion characteristics;
Submarines -- Research; Tactical control systems.
91. PROJECT SUBIC. SHIP CONTROL XI. STEERING AND DIVING WITH TIE COMBINED
INSTRUMENT PAIEL AND A CONTACT ANALOG-ROADWAY DISPLAY. Wesley C. Blair
and D W. . (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat
Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200,.Report No.
P60-128, Technical Report No. SPD 60-078, September 1960, 21 p.)
AD-250 362
Three independent groups of five inexperienced male subjects were
required to seek and keep course and depth simultaneously. Each group
was tested on one of three ship control displays: a combined instrument panel, a contact analog-roadway display with error information.
The displays were mounted in the electric boat submarine simulator
which was progranmned for Skipjack equations at 20 knots. Time on
depth, on course, and on both simultaneously were recorded. From
the results it was concluded that the CIP display was superior to
the others a3 a source of information for ship control. It was
also concluded that the order interpretation or" the CA was superior
to the error interpretation.
92. CLASSIFIED TITLE. V. T. Boatwright. Jr. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electrical Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200,
Technical Report No. 411 OR 1, P58-1O7 (CLB413), 30 June 1958,
32 p., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-301 208
93e SUBIC. MARINE POWERPILAWT SIMULATION BASIC MODEL. Cort DeVoe ,
and others. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division,
Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200, Report No. CSD59-004,
30 April 1959, 85 p.) AD-218 519
The complete simulation of complex vehicles by large scale computers has been used extensively in the MiL ile field with excellent
results. In general, this technique has required the combined use
of analog and digital computers. The major advantage of a simulation
program of this type is to permit the study of complex control and
vehicle performance problems by exhaustive evaluation of alternative
solutions. This report summarizes the work done to date toward
applying' this technique to submarine control problems.
94- SUBIC DNARINE POWERPLANT SIMULATION COMPUTER CONTROL. Cort Devoe,
Thomas Donie, and Ric.ard Wright. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200p
Report No. CSD 59-006, 15 June 1959, 27 p.) AD-218 986
Problems in the submarine's engineering control loop are discussed.
The major problem is defined along with several alternative solutions.
A definition of the functions to be performed by a computer, which
would aid in alleviating this problem is given. A derivation of the
method of analysis to. be performed by the computer is followed by
the simulation of the computer exercising control of an electric
motor driving a propeller through varying field current in the motor
only..
95- CLASSIFIED TITLE. Francis J. West. (General Dynamics Corporation,
Electric Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-251200,
Technical Report No. SPD 59-001, P56-008, January 1959, 27 p.,
10 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-305 329
96. CLASSIFIED TITLE. F.A. Gaynor, J.J. Fleck, and F.R. Fowler.
(General Electric Company, Pittsfield, Mass., Contract
NObs-72303, Interim Development Report No. 2, 1 August -
15 September 1957, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-154 861
97. 'JEEP OF TI DEEP' NEARSFIRST U.S. SEA TRIALS. Michael Getler.
(Missile and Rockets, Vol. 10, No. 3, 15 January 1962, pp. 32-33)
Loral Electronics opens new Florida test facility; one- and
two-man vehicles have clear military merit.
98. SUBNARI1E TOPOGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN STRAITS OF FLORIDA. G. F. Jordan
and H. B. Stewart. Jr. (Geological Society Bulletin, Vol. 72,
June 1961, pp. 1051-1058, Bibliog.)
99. POLARIS PROGRAM. Seabrook 1L. (Missile Design & Develoment,
January 1961, pp. 20-23+
An interview with Vice Admiral W. F. Raborn, Jr., U. S. N.
100. 'PRIVATE OCEAN' FOR POLARIS. (Missiles and Rockets, 9 January 1961,
pp. 16-18)
Models tested at Lockheed's LUMP saved money, proved out feasibility of missile's launch method.
101. NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC SUB SCHEDULED. (News Item from Missiles and
Rockets, 2 October 1961, p. 9)
General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division will build Aluminaut,
an oceanographic research submarine designed to operate at depths
of 15,000 ft., for Reynolds International at a price of $2 million.
Fifth feet long and with an operating range of 80 miles, it is the
first sub ever to be built of aluminum. Launch date: 1963.
102. UNDERWATER FACILITY. (Missiles & Space, News Item, April 1961,
P. 33)
Thousands of launch tests of sub-scale Polaris missiles
are conducted in Lockheed's underwater missile facility,
Sunnyvale, California. Encased in a pressure hull, the
85 ft* tank can be reduced in atmospheric pressure to simulate
the differential between sea surface and a submerged submarine.
Tank also generates waves to duplicate, in scale, a nearhurricane-force sea. Trajectory of dummy missiles is viewed
by a remotely operated television camera and three high-speed
movie cameras, while performance data are recorded on an
oscillograph.
103. A SUBMARINE SIMULATOR DEVICE PROGRAM. Robert H. Dickman U. S. Naval.
Training Device Center, Port Washington, New York. (4th National
Convention on Military Electronics, Conference Proceedings, 27-
29 June 1960, Washington, D. C., CONFIDENTIAL)
104. CLASSIFIED TITLE. S, Britting/iam. (Naval Boiler and Turbine Laboratory,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, NB TL Test No. T-275, 27 February 1959,
7 P., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-312 722L
Only Military Offices may request from ASTIA. Others request
approval of Chief, Bureau of Ships, Navy Department, Washington
25, D. C.
105. PROTOTYPE EVALUATION TESTS OF BOW PLANES ANGLE INDICATOR,
HENSCHEL CORPORATION, CONTRACT NObs-74210* K.N. Dick,
(Naval Engineering Experiment Station, Annapolis, Maryland,
EES Report No. 830070B, 26 January 1959, 9 p.)
AD-215 985L
Available to U.S. Military Organizations only.
106. CLASSIFIED TITLE. E. M. Herrmann. (Naval Engineering Experiment
Station, Annapolis, Maryland, Research and Development Report
No. 050081, 26 July 1957, 34 p., C01-7DENTIAL) AD-303 253L
Available to U. S. Military Organizations only.
107. CLASSIFIED TITLE. W. S. Macleod. (Naval Engineering Experiment Station,
Annapolis, Maryland,.ES Test No. 050081, 6 December 1957, 5 p.,
CONFIDENTIAL)
S.wVilable to U. S. Military Organizations only.
108. POLARIS EVALUATION TEST PLAN USS COMPASS ISLAND (EAG-153) TEST PERIOD
20-60 7 THROUGH 17 OCTOBER 1960. (Navy N. Y. Naval Shipyard Test
Per. 20-60, 7-17 October 1960.)
'109. SUBMARINES SS565 AND SS566; CONTRACT NObs-2657 WITH GENERAL
MOTORS CORPORATION: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, SUBCONTRACTOR
FOR ELECTRICAL PROPULSION EQUIPMENT: PROPULSION CONTROL, NS 676-027. (New York Naval Shipyard, Material Laboratory, Brooklyn, Report No. 5483-2, 3 July 1953, 2 p.) AD-37 098
Investigation of the subject equipment was conducted at
the Material Laboratory on 9 June 1953. The investigation
was conducted to determine the minimum contact tip speed
necessary to enable the contractor to interrupt heavy currents
at 1000 volts dc.
The contractor, submitted by the General Electric Company,
consisted of a single set of contacts as normally furnished
in the propulsion control unit. The contector was mounted in
an angle iron frame and equipped with a variable speed motor
drive mechanism for purposes of testing.
110. CLASSIFIED TITLE. C. J. Krieer and L. D. iorpan. (Navy Electronics
Laboratory,. San Diego, California, NEL Report No. 712, Supplement
to Report No. 629, 19 December 1956, 16 p., COnFIDEntIAL) AD-303 OIL
Available to U. S. Nilitary Organizations only.
111. CLASSIFIED TITLE. (Navy Electronics Laboratory, San Diego, California, NEL Report No. 750, 25 Te.ay 1957, 44 p., C01.FIDEr;TIAL) AD-302 978
112. CLASSIFIED TITLE. Gene B. Parrish and Alice Winzer. (Stevens Institute
of Technology, Experimental Towing Tank, Hoboken, Lew Jersey, Contract
N6onr-24705, Report No. 569, January 1959, 1 Vol., CO!;FIDENTIAL)
AD-305 401
113. NOTS, SAN CL ENTE ISLAND. Howard R. Talkinoton. (United States
Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 66, No. 6, June 1960, pp. 92-
101).
The first powered Polaris underwater launching was on the
14th of April 1960. This further step forward towards the
operational readiness of the Polaris missile demonstrates one
type of development work for which the facilities of the Naval
Ordnance Test Station, San Clemente Island, have been designed.
Aircraft torpedoes are another major test subject at San
Clemente,
)
l4. UTILIZATION OF SAN CLEMEITE ISLAND BY THE U.S. NAVAL ORDNANCE TEST
STATION. (U.S. NAVY, Naval Ordnance Test Station, Report No.
IDP-521 (Rev. 1), 2 September 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines - Testing; Ordnance, underwater.
115. U.S.S. THEODORE ROOSEVELT SSBN-600 PATROL NUFMER ONE SECTIOM LIMA MATERIAL
PERFORMANCE DATA. (U. S. Navy, Report No. 61-1-15, 19 July-15 September
1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: THEODORE ROOSEVELT (SUBMARIN). (MODEL); Submarines -
Design; Submarines - Testing - Submarines - Equipment; Submarines - Fire
Control Systems; Submarines - Performance.
SECTION A
Submarines
1.Analytical Studies of~ Stability and Control Investigations
316. HOW TO SNUB GYROSTABILIZER. J. T. Ellis. Jr. (Applied Hydraulics &
Pneumatics, Vol. 13, No. 3, March 1960, pp. 90-91)
Nomograph enables simplified determination of stopping force
required for shock absorber to stop moving mass within required
distance, at various velocities; description of shock absorber in
gyrostabilizer used to reduce roll in ballistic missile submarines.
117. SHIP CONTROL INFORV ATION STUDY (SUBIC). Leonard Boadon, Edmund R ,naski,
and others, (Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc., Buffalo, New York,
[Subcontract to General Dynamics Corporation, Electric Boat Division,
Groton, Connecticut,] Contract Nonr-251200, Report No. IM-1306-V-2,
Final Report, 31 July 1959, 1 volume) AD-231 249
Information requirements for submarine control were formulated
for depth-changing and course-changing maneuvers. These requirements
were determined on the basis of the optimum trajectories (limit
maneuvers) that can be executed with an Albacore hull. The use of
automatic control (to augment the frequency response of the submarine)
permitted the determination of limit maneuvers in the vertical and
horizontal planes as a function of speed and magnitude of the ordered
change. In all cases, the objective was to minimize the time to
effect a path change, subject to certain pitch angle and trajectory
overshoot restrictions. Elamination of the control system, synthesized
for the performance of limit maneuvers, established information flow,
data processing and time histories of control actions. These data were
used to determine the optimum location of the human operator in the
ship-control loop and to further specify his specific information and
data-processing requirements.
118, DYNAMIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF A SUBMARINE. (David Taylor
Model Basin, Report No. C-158, October 1948, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents includei Submarines - Control; Stability, dynamic;
Stability, longitudinal.
119. AN EVALUATION OF THE HANDLING QUALITIES OF THE SSN585, PD3292,
BASED ON SUBMARINE SIMULATOR STUDIES. James W. Church.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No* C-779# Ju 19156s
34 p., 14 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-145 452
120. SUBMERGED BEHAVIOR OF THE T'CLASS SUBMARINE, A REPORT OF
PERFOIKANCE TESTS ON THE USS MARLIN. James W. Church.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Letter C-55, 16 January 1957.)
12!L. MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE OF USS THRESHER (SSN 593) BASED ON MOTICK
SIMULATION. J.W. Church. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No.
C-1245, January 1961, 17 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
Certain measures of performance of the USS THRESHER (SN 593)
are evaluated on the basis of definitive maneuvers computed on a
simulation facility. Predictions are made of the overshoot in
depth during a high-speed dive, the relation between steady dive
angle and recovery depth, the snap roll angle associated with a
high-speed turn and the effect on casualty recovering of using
fairwater planes, stopping the propeller, and blowing ballast
water.
122. A FULL-SCALE EVALUATION OF THE HANDLING QUALITIES OF USS
ALBACORE (AGSS569) WITH THE SECOND STERN CONFIGURATION.
P.C. Clawson. (David Taylor Model Basin, Research and
Development Report, Report No. C-827, May 1957, 39 p.,
4 refs., CONFIDENTIAL)
The handling qualities of the USS ALBACORE (AGSS569) with
a second stern configuration are evaluated on the basis of
measurements taken during definitive maneuvers of the fullscale submarine. Comparison is made with results obtained
in similar tests on ALBACORE with the first stern configuration.
In submerged vertical maneuvers, ALBACORE II has less dynamic
stability and more stern plane control effectireness than
ALBACORE I* In the horizontal plane, ALBACORE II is
dynamically unstable on course but has 65 percent of the
steady-turning diameter of ALBACORE I. There is not significant
difference in handling On the surface, Emergenoy recovery
tests indicate that above 20 knots, with a stern plane Jam
on 10 degrees or higher, recovery on ALBACORE II would be
doubtful. A similar problem existed with ALBACORE I, and some
suggestions are given for overcoming this situation.
123. MODEL INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS
FOR AHEAD AND ASTERN MOTIONS OF USS ALBACORE (AGaS569) WITH
SECOND STERN CONFIGURATION. J.J. Foster, E. DM.sey, and
J.L. Johnson. (David Taylor Nodel Basin, Riport, Aril 1958,
124, THE INFLUENCE OF METACENTRIC STABILITY ON THE DYNAMIC
LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF A SUBMARINE. Ho and
F. .se (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No.
1256 PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC STABILITY DERIVATIVES OF AN ELONGATED
BODY OF REVOLUTION. L. Landweber and J. L. Johnson.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Reort No., C-359, May 1951,
CONFIDENTIAL)
See also reports no. C-385, c-661.
126. INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC STABILITY IN PITCH OF THE WGUPPYN
CONVERSION OF THE SS475 CLASS SUBMARINE. 0. C, Niederer
A. . Volta, and E . (David Taylor ModelB
Report No. b-124,-Jul-y 1MCONFIDENTIAL)
127. INVESTIGATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL DYNAMIC STABILITY AND CONTROL
CHARACTERISTICS CP THE S$T SCMES 1 AND 2 SUBMARINES. 0
and P.. . (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-385,
July 1951, CONFIDENTIAL)
128. MODEL-FULL SCALE CORRELATION OF THE HANDLING QUALITIES OF THE ALBACORE
II IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE AND THE EFFECT OF BRIDGE FAIRWATER
REMOVAL, C.R. Olson. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-935,
Hydromechanics Laboratory research and development report,
March 1958, 23 p., CONFIDENTIAL)
Correlation studies have demonstrated that handl.ing& quality
characteristics derived from trajectories of a 15-foot free-
.running model of USS ALBACORE II for submerged maneuvers in the horizontal plane agree closely with comparable full-scale trial data.
Quantities such as tactical diameter, angle of heel and measures
of directional stability are predicted with a high degree
of accuracy. Additional free-running model tests have indicated
that submerged handling qualities could be improved appreciably
by removal of the bridge fairwater and the use of a more effective
rudder. The most notable improvement is a more than 50 percent
reduction of the excessive snap roll which is experienced by the
ALBACORE II in sharp high-speed turns.
'129. SUBGaRD TURNING AND MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS -OF THE CONTRACT DESIGN
OF THE SSN 585 SUARINE FROM FREE-TURNIOG MODEL TESTS. C. R. Olson.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Research and Development'Report, Report No.
C-966, June 1958, 18 p., CONFIDENTIAL.) AD-303 292L
0jO. SiM'B u TURNING AND HAWMWN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE USS SKIPJACK (SSN
585) fRla FlzE-RUNING MODEL TESTS. C. R. Olson. (David Taylor Model
Basih, Rept. C-1023, January 1959, COQMM=.)
131, SUBMERGED TURNING AND MUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SSN 593
SUBMARINE FROM FREE-RUNNING MODEL TESTS. C.R. Olson.
(Divid W. Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-106 uy 1959,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines - Maneuverability; Submarines -
Model Test Resultsj Submarines - Performance.
132.AN ANALIS OF THE NNLINEARITIES IN THE DYNAMIC BEHAVICR OF THE USS ODAX.
L. Pode. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report C-532, October 1953, ~VIAL.)
133. A STUDY Of THE EFFECTS Cr HULL AND CONTROL PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE
AND STABILITY OF SUBF 1
AR1ES IN PITCHING MOTION. P and 3-. W, hI. he
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. 0-626, November 1954, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-B 157
14. FULL-CAI1 EVALUATION OF THE STATIC STABILITY AND CONTROL DERIVATIVES OF THE
uSs ALBACORE (ACBS569) WITH SECOND STERN CONFIGURATIONS. W. L. Straoks.
(David Taylor Model Basin Rept. C-829, October 1957, CON1F IAL.
135. SUMARY OF SUBMRGED SUBMLRINE TURNING DATA AND PREDICTION OF THE
TURNING RADIUM OF TIE SSN SUBMARINE AT 35 DEGREES RUDDER. H. Weiner
and X. Golovato. (David Taylor Model Basin, Report. No. C-549,
October 1952, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-303 774
136, MODEL INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF THE SSGN (FBM) S IuRI .i. oupnjg.
(David Taylor Model Basin, Report No. C-928, March 1958, CONFIDEnTIAL)
137!, MODEL INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 3SBK 598 SU3MARINE. D B. I (David Taylor Model Basin, Rept.
c-991, SePtember 19587o-- ENTIAL.)
•138. MODEL INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE CONTRACT DESIGN OF THE SSN 578-CLASS SUBMARINE.
Donald.Be Y2M. (David Taylor Model Basin, Washington, D.C.,
Report No C1003, NS715-O84, Research and Development
Report, October 1958, 69 p., 11 refs., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-306 260
139, STABILITY AND CONTROL OF DEEPLY SUBI.RGED SUBMARI1ES: DISCUSSION.
(Engineer, Vol. 211, 28 April 1961, p. 706)
14.O NEW GYROS FOR OUR SUBMARINES. F r . (Franklin Institute Journal, August 1960, p. 79)
141. SUBIC WEAPONS CONTROL. . and S. _. Wolk. (General Dynamics
Corporation, Electric Boat Division., Groton, Connecticut, Contract
Nonr-251200, Report No. P59-O78;5PD 59-037, Technical Report No. 1,
8 May 1959, 30 p., CEB-436, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-309 083
This report has been prepared by the Electric Boat Division as a
technical report on the weapons control loop of the SUBIC program.
The purpose of this report is two-fold:
1. To describe briefly all the published work in meapons control
done to date at Electric Boat Division and to indicate the
reference where each part may be found.
2. To report all progress made at Electric Boat Division in
extending the weapons-control mathematical Diode, since the
last published report.
142. MANUAL RATIOED CONTROL OF THE AGSS569 SUBMARINE. William Bar and
Richard S. Hollver. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Servomechanisms Laboratory, Report No. 6968-ER-l, Engineering Report
No. 1, 16 May 1952, 74 p., 12 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-38 079
The performance of the AGSS569 submarine at maximum speed under
manual ratioed control was investigated by means of an electrical
analogue of the hull dynamics and mock-up of the instrumentation
proposed for the vessel. The objectives of this thesis were to
determine: (1) Controllability, (2) Method of control, (3) Effect
on performance of instrumentation and control plane servo time lags,
(4) Effect on performance of providing synthetic feel to the operator.
Performance was studied by observing system response to a sudden
command to change depth by 20 feet, the results being evaluated on
the basis of a performance index. Steady depth keeping was also
observed and evaluated on the basis of RMS depth error.
143. BENDIX GETS POLARIS CONTROL AWARD. (News Item from Missiles and
Rockets, 11 September 1961, p. 23)
Five automatic maneuvering control systems for POLARIS submarines will be built for the Navy by Bendix's North Hollywood
California.Division. The system control the submarine's steering
and diving mechanism through a solid-state computer which receives
signals from the speed, course and depth instruments. The computer
in turn regulates electro-hydraulic valves in the steering, diving
and fairwater planes.
144. FEASIBILITY STUDIES CF PRESSURE HULLS FOR DEEPLY SUBMERGED SUBMARINES.
(National Research Council, Report No. CUW-0256, 3 October, 1958,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: c.r. ASTIA AD-305 685; Warfare, submarine;
Underwater research; Submarines - Design.
AM*~ CONTRACT ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF PRO(TOTYPE CCKBINED INTRUMEWC, SU34ARiNE DIVInG
7' AND) CONTROL EQUIh(ENT, SPERRY PIED101T DIVISION, SPSRY-RAND CORPORATION,0
EIUwTCHO, CONTRACT 90bb7~33 D-6 H. Dick and K. L. Buison. (Naval
Engineering Experiment Stations Annpis~R., EBB rept. no.0 830053(5~)s 23 April 19589 10 p., CO?*'IDENTIAL.) ADl-306 533L
Al). requests require approval of Chief, Bureau of Ships, Navy Department,
Walshington 25* D. C., Attn: Code )12.
14i6, CONTRACT ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF COURSE ERWKR INDICATOR OF PRO)TOTYPE
OCKBIMH INSTRUlMENT SU 4ARtIh STXZRING AND DIVING IQIJIP)NWT SPEaR PIEuiONi DIVIS1Ok1h SPWYzAND CORPORATION, CONTRACT
N~bs-73173. A.Z v o and 'L.Bno,(Naval Ihgineering
Experiment Staion# ~AiiiiiIis MiidoENS, Report No.
830053(8)j 2 October 19%8 . AD-212 879L
All requests require approval of Chief, Bureau of Ships,
Navy' Department,* Washington 25, D. C.
147. A SLURY OF R!DIODY1W(IC COEFFICIENTS FOR A GRO)UP OF
SUNUARNES. (Stevens Institute of Techablogyp Hoboken,
New Jersep0 Experimental Towing Tank Report No. 500,
14~8. TOE Z173CT CF CHAJGES IN HYDOIC COWFICIENTS ON THlE TRAJECTORIES
OF REPRESENTATIVE SMARIIUS OPEP~ATING WITH DIIFFENT TYPE CLF
CONTROLS, GoePar and AI~l~i!j=9. (Stevens Institute of
Techinology, Hobokeno New JIetey Contract N6one-247(05)0 Report
No. 646, March 1958, 1 vol., Co1w'DENTIAL) AD-153 108
Tis report presents a study of the effect of bow-plane. on the
stability and control char'ateristics of submarinca., The work
extends that of Reference I to incluade bow planes. Suggestions
are made as to requirements on the performnce index for the
operation of bow planes alfne and also for the bow and stern
plane operation,
149. S'S POINT OP VIEW: NAVY REQUIRES THE ?TMOST IN RELIABILITY.
D. Iarn.U. S. Navy, CCISUBLANT. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2,
No.1, .January 1961, pp. 29-31)
Efforts by industry and our naval shipyards to make submarine
hydraulic systems more reliable are not wholly motivated by a
philanthropio desire to serve the Navy. The reputation of the
submarine design and shipbuilding activity can rest to a very great
extent on the performance of the hydraulic system,
Owe a submarine is at sea, experience has taught us that nothing,
except perhaps loss of main propulsion power, can be more disturbing
to the submarine operator than loss of hydraulic power or repetitive
hydraulic system failures continually jeopardizing the advertised
performance of the system, or worse, the mission of the submarine.
150. DESIGN INGIMER'S JOB: TO PROVIDE BUILT-IN RELIABILITY. W. X-. edale. Jr.,
General Dynamics Corp., Electric Boat Division. (Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 2, No. 1o January 1961, pp. 25-28)
The engineer responsible for design of submarine hydraulic systems
Me many tools at his disposal to aid in attaining the ultimate goal
of atimum reliability. In addition to feedback of information from
operating vessels and other sources, the engineer must develop a few
tools of his own.
One of these is hydraulic density ratio-an indication of the
complexity of hydraulic systems designed into a particular submarine
in any one year, relative to a base year.
151l THE INTERACTION BETWEE SEA MOTION AND SHIP MOTION RESPONSE ON
MISSILE UNDERWATER LAUNCHING SUCCESS PROBABILITY. George Mechlin.
(Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Report No. T-6f Ma 1 1,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includet Ships - Motion; Underwater Research;
Submarines - Stability; Submarines -- Control; POLARIS (General)
(Model); Tides, Ocean.
SECTION A
Submarines
5o General Articles on Submarines
as Marketing
152. PLAYING CHESS IN A DREAM: U. S. NAVY'S SUBMRINES. (Compressed Air
Mageaine, Vol. 65, October 1960, p. 29)
153.. BIGER, BETTE SUBS ARE COMING. (Missiles &Rockets, 25 July 1960,,
P. 31.)
154. POLARIS SUB COSTS RISING. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
19 June 1961, p. 9)
The prioetag on the new POLARIS-launching Lafayette Class submaxines is $116.2 -illion. That is a jump of $11 to $19 million
over the first two classes of nuclear-powered subs in the POLARIS
progra. About two-thirds of the cost of the subs is for shipbuilding,
one-third for POLARIS system equipment.
155. GOP FAILS TO GET MORE POLARIS SUBS. (Missiles and Rockets,
29 May 1961, p. 27)
The House Republican Policy Committee sought to add six
more POLARIS submarines to the $12.3 billion defense
procurements authorization bill as it came up for action on
the House floor.
The House passed the bill including $393 million for bombers
added by the House Armed Services Committee on top of the
request submitted by President Kennedy. The House rejected
the GOP POLARIS amendment 105 to 58.
156. SUBMARINE HAS BIG EDGE OVER DEFEIE. = Sanders*
(Missiles and Rockets, 31 October, 1960, p 31.)
. 157. FUTURE NEEDS OF SEA IPOWER. J. S. Mcain. Jr. (National Research
Council, Committee on Undersea Warfare, Washington, D. C., Serial
No. NRC:CUW:O155, 1952, 3 p.) AD-4958
This paper was presented at the 7th Undersea Symposium, Washington,
D. C., 15-16 May 1952, SECRET.
158. SUIKARNI TCTICAL GAMES. . Nla, L.. Wuset and A. i
Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation. (Naval Reearch,
Juno 1959, pp. 14-17)
War paing has had a long and honorable military and naval career
since the Prussians first developed the technique from "military Ches"
300 years ago. In the United States, development of war games for the
Navy's use baa been pursued primarily at the Naval War Colleg. There,
many advances have been made in the comprehensive display of situation
information to the participants, ranging from large game boards many.
hundreds of feet in area to the combined projection and plotting screen
of the new Navy Electronic Warfare Simulator (NEWS). Until recently in
the conduct of war games, the outcome of any interaction between fores,
such as detection and gunfire, has been decided by umpires. Their onthe-epot decisions wre based on expert opinion, usually aided by graphs,
probability tables, or a roll of the dice. In the NEWS facility, this
procedure has been formalized, and some of the decisions about uncertain
events are made automatically, based on empirically derived statistics
programed into a computer before the game begins.
159. DEPARTIENT OF DEFMSN 1EQUIREMENTS AND INVENTORY UiALYSIS.
(North American Aviation, Inc., Los Angeles Division,
Pub. 515-X-l, October 1959, SECIT/Limited Circulation)
Contents include: Submarine systems; Defense systems, overall.
Space programs; Lunar studies; VTOL (Model); Propulsion,
space; SAC (Model); TAC (Model); Weapon systems, future;
Disarmament, world; Radar, early warning.
160. CATCHING UP WITH THE SUB4ARINE. P. Cohen. (Space/Aeronautics,
Vol. 33, January 1960, pp. 48-50)
161, SUBKARINB HYDRAUIaCS PRIMARY NEED: GRZATER SHARE OF Rt & D
FUNDS. Willam 0 ftio (Underwater Hngineeringp Vol. 2p
No* 1, Januar 196p pp. 21-22)
The control surfaces, ballasting controls, propulsion
plant valves and nearly all the important fighting equipment
of a submarine is powered hydraulically, Snorkel mast,
periscopes, commications antennas, capstans, wincheop wikldlauses, missile handling and launching devices are operated
froum the hydraulic systems.
Practical application of hydraulics on a submarine is
dependent upon the principle of Pascal's law, which states that
*pressure on any part of a confined liquid is transmitted
undiminished in all directions throughout the liquid**
The hydraulic system -- often called the heart, the arteries,
and muscle power of the submarine - needs more work to redue
structural and fluid borne noise generated by its* To do this
Navy requires more research and development money, scuiething which has been sadly lacking in past years.
162.* THO SUBMRE APPROACH PROBLEM. EalGrae andi Malboiie -Steva±,t.
(University or Kichigan, Engineering Research Instituxt*# Ann Arbor#
Contract N60nr-232# To 0, 1, Report No. M720-1 R37# December 1952#
27p. AD-5767
SECTION A
Suiboarines
5, General Articles on Submarines
bo History and Bibliographies
163. UNDERSEA WARFARE. A REPORT BIBLIOGRAPHY. (Armed Services
Technical Information Agecyp Arlington, Va., I October 1961,' 1084 p. UNCLASSIFIED) Al-264 000
This bibliography was prepared by ASTIA in response to frequent
requests for informatiOt concerning Undersea Warfare and related
topics. A confidential and secret section of the bibliography
appear separately as A1i325 700 and AD-324 701 respectively.
Citations are included f6r documents cataloged by ASTIA from
1953 through 1 October 1961. Entries are arranged in alphabetical sequence by subject areas pertaining to problems in
detection, navigation, 6tdnance propulsion, and underwater sound.
Within each category, And its subdivisions, reports published
by Department of Defenib contractOrs are listed alphabetically by
source and contract numberi and then by date; military reports
are arranged by source And title.
16 . UNDERSEA WARFARE. A REPORT B3BLIOGRAPHY (U). (Armed Services Technical
Information Agency, Aflington, Va., 1 October 1961, 1911 p.,
CONFIDENTIAL) AD-325 ?00
This bibliograpy was prepared by ASTIA in response to frequent
requests for information concerning Undersea Warfare and related
topics. An unclassified &Ad secret section of the bibliography
appear separately ms AD-264000 and AD-325 701 respectively. Citations
are incltded for docuffiehts cataloged by ASTIA from 1953 through
I October 1961. EntrieS are arranged in alphabetical sequence by
subject areas pertaining to problems in detection, navigation,
ordnance, propulsion, and underwater soundw ! Within each category,
and its subdivisionli teports published by Department of Defense
contractors are listed alphabetically by source and contract number,
and then by date; military reports are arranged by source and title.
165. UNDERSEA WARFARE. A REPORT BIBLIOGRAPHY (U). (Armed Services
Technical Information Agncy, Arlington, Va., 1 October 1961,
312 p., SCRT) AD-325 701
This bibliography was ptapared by ASTIA in response to frequent
requests for information concerning Undersea Warfare and related
topics. An unclassified and confidential section of the bibliography appear separately as AD-264 000 and AD-325 700 respectively,
Citations are included tor documents cataloged by ASTIA from 1953
through 1 Octobe 1961i Entries are arranged in alphabetical sequence
by subject areas pertaining to problems in detection, navigation,
ordnance, propulsion, arid underwater sound. Athin each category,
and its subdivisionsp reports published by Department of Defense
contractors are listed alphabetically by source and contract
number, and then by datej military reports are arranged by source
and title.
166. SUIMARINE DEVELOPMN PRIOR TO WORLD WAR1. IE. Mj. an. (American
Society of Naval Engineers# 31otinal, Vol. 72, No. 2, May 1960.-
pp. 277-283)
First submarine attack in 1776, and designs evolved in 1578 and
1624, are mentionied, and further design history and use of submarine
in warfare outlined; profile diagrams of some types constructed up
to about 190 are includid.
167. JFK ASKS FOR 1600 MISSIM MresWeS.dr (Los Angele
Hetald-xaminer, Thursdays,1 IJanuary 1Y027(p. A-l14)
The president said he was significantly increasing.Polaris submarines, Minutemen missiles and other strategic forceb6 to
assure that America could survive any attack *and strike back
decisively". He said his assurance was based ca O~thaustive,
analysis* of Russian military forces*
For the more likely threat of Limited aggressions he sid, he
was 'wubstantiallyN strengthening conventional forces so the nation
would not have to choose between ftuclear holocaust or retreat.*
168. ROYAL NAVY'S FREA SUURNS DESI01e e. J&. (American Society of Naval Bogineera, Journals Vol 71 N. is February
1959# pp. 63-69)
Information on various submarines in K, 1-1 and N clasmss built
during period 1915-1932j mnits, for which performance data is
inoluded, range from. steam driven type to M-2 modified for
carrying aircraft*
169. AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE SURVEY OF SUBMARINES, TORPEDOES, ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE, UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHYt
194i1 TO JANUARY 1962. Barbara Ann Bryce. (Autonetics, a
division of North American Aviation, Inc., Report No. 3-0A101,
3 March 1962, 533 references.)
This report is divided according to subject and alphabetised
within each category by source, author, date, and page.
Complete author, source and subject indexes conclude the
485references and 48 unindexed addenda. The subjects are
broken down accordinglyt I.) Submarines; a.) Control Systems;
b.) Study of Submarine Noise; c.) Model Tests and Sea Trials;
d.) Analytical Studies of Stability and Control Investigations;
e.) General articles on submarines: 1) Marketing;
2) History and Bibliographies; 3) Fleet Rehabilitation and
Modernization; 4) Foreign Progress and Past Events;
5) Optical and other equipment in/for Submarines; 6) Nuclear
Submarines. II.) Torpedoes; I1.) ASW (Antisubmarine Warfare)
and UWS (Undersea weapon, systems); and IV.) Oceanography,
the primary purpose of which is to learn of oceanographic
instrumentation.
170. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SUBMARINE TECHNICAL LITERATURE,
1557 TO 1953. (Committee on Undersea Warfare, National
Research Council, Washington, D.C., Contract N7onr-29103, Pub.
No. 307, March 1954, 261 p.) AD-49 957
171. RECENT SUBMARINE DESIGN PRACTICES AND PROBLEMS. A.I. McKee.
(Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Paper No. 1
for meeting November 12-13 1959, 14 p.)
Submarines of United States in use during World War II,
changes mae during war, and comparisons with German submarines; displacement, weight, stability and some machinery
problems peculiar to submarines, and effect of nuclear power on
theme and on external shape, oanpartmentation and air conditioning;
configurations of structure of pressure hull which have been
use or proposed; avenues available for strengthening pressure
hull to obtain greater operating depth.
172. T1E STORY OF THE HOLLAND SUDMARM. Richard Knowles Morrig. Trinity
College, Hartford, Connecticut* (United States Naval Institute
Proceedings, Vol. 86, No. 1, lanuary 1960, pp. 78-89)
The story of the SS-1 HOLLAND is the story of the birth of the
submarine fleet of the U. S, Navy.
173. THE SUBMARINE. (U.S. Navy, NAVPM, Report No. 16160-A, May 1955,
UNCLAS FED)
Contents includet NAUTILUS (Model); ALBACORE (Model);
SNCRKEL (Model); Submarine systems; Submarines - Design.
174. AN AMSURIARINE WARFARE BIBLIOGRAPHY (U). Loy Jo Jackson.
(U.S. Navyy, NAVOfl, Report No. R-642 6 , 19 NO Iber 95up
CONFIDETIAL.)
Contents include: c.r. NAVY N.O.T.S. TP-2132S Bibliographies;
ASW (Model)J Submarines - Detection; Submarines -- Fire
Control Systems.
(
SECTION A
Submarines
5, General Articles on Submarines
c. Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization
175. SUE(ARINE FRAM PROGRAH, WHAT AD WHY. L. L. Jackson, Jr.,
and J. M. Roach. (Akatioan Society of NaalE insees, Journal,
Vol. 72, No. 2, MWa 10601 pp' 11-220)
Explanation of F1t Rehabilitation and Modernization
(FRAK) Program, and afplioati~ft to rehabilitation of USS Tiru
from planning through look stages, which called for 15 major
itemj modernisation proVidds plastic fairwater for redesigned
conning tower, lengthened hulls etc; advantages, gained for,
Tiru by investment of l6s than three times cost of regular
overhaul, are being obtained fOr selected number of United
States destroyers and submarines.
176, RESISTANCE EXPERIMENTS ON A SYSTEMATIC SERIES OF STREAMLINED BODIES OF
REVOLUTION -- FOR APPLICATICK TO THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED SUBMARINES.
(David Taylor Model Basinj Report No. C-297, April 1950,
CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines & Design; Bodies of revolution.
177. INSTITUTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS4 (Engineer, Vol. 207, No. 5384,
3 April 1959, pp. 532-5331 No, 5$3%, 10 April 1959, pp. 577-579;
No. 5386, 17 April 1959, pp, 620-622, No. 5387, 24 April .1959,
p. 661; No. 5388, 1 May 1969, pp. 693-695)
Review of papers and diseussione at Spring Meeting, London,
opened March 24 1959.
178. U. S. SUBMARINES: ILLUSTRATIONS WITH TEXT. (Engineer, Vol. 209,
8 January 1960, p. 77)
179. SUtMINES VS SUBMARINES (0 ra.l Dynamics Corporation, Electric
Boat Division, Groton Oohneo ticut, Contract Nonr-249400, May
1960, CONFIDkNTIAL) iAD31i i11
180. PROPOSAL FOR A COORDINATED S14T3 XZ ZLECTRONICS DESIGN PROGRAM.
(General Dynoais Corporatieon k2.otrio Boat Division, Groton,
Connecticut, Report 16& 1-61-4.430 8 JanUary 1961, COI'IDEKTIAL)
181. CLASSIFIED TITLE. (General Electric Company, Pittsfield,
Mass., Contract N~bs-72 302, Final Development Report,
Report No. R57APS122, 1 July-31 Ootober 1957, CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-154 769
Feasibility and Design Study.
182. AEROELASTIC STABILITY OF LIFTING SURFACES IN HIGH-DENSITY FLUIDS.
C JHn J, and H. A . (Journal of Ship Research,
Vol. 2, No. 4, March 1959, pp. 10-21)
It is noted that ships mounting elastically restrained lifting
surfaces such as rudders, fins, hydrofoils and bow planes experience
pressures greater than for any but fastest aircraft, yet similar
instabilities are rare; analysis is prompted by extraordinary speeds
to be reached by submarines and other vehicles towed or propelled
beneath surface; recommendations are made to allow for channel
boundaries, free surfaces, cavitation or separated flow in analyses.
183. NEW CONCEPTS IN DESIGN OF NAVAL SHIPS. (Marine Engineering, Vol. 64,
No. 2, February 1959, pp. 67-69)
Approach to consideration of ideas adopted by Bureau of Ships,
which has resulted in startling new concepts in ship design; new
concepts are indicated by notes on nuclear aircraft carrier
Enterprise, nuclear aid missile submarines, new submarine applications such as submersible landing ship, seaplane tender,
amphibious assault systems, replacement ship, and task force
defense ships.
1840 POLARIS BASES: PACIFIC DIVISION. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
24 July 1961, p. 9)
POLARIS submarines operating in the Pacific will loa& their missiles
at Pearl Harbor and undergo overhaul at Puget Sound, Wash. The PLARIS
depot at Pearl Harbor will be similar to the one near Charleston, South
Carolina. The Navy log-range plans call for deploying two POLARIS
squadrone-18 submarines-in the Pacific.
185. pOLAMI SUBS:. NO. 20 THROUGH 29. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
24 July 1961, P. 9)
The Navy in understood to be ready to let contracts for construction
of all 10 of the latest POLARIS submiarines planned by the Adinstration
as soon as Congress passes the ft '62 appropriations bill.* The submarines
will bring to 29 the total numnber in the POLARIS fleet commissioned or
building, Latest price tag oft a Polaris sub: $116.2 million-about
378 million for the submarine and $38 million for POLARIS system equiment.
186. FIFTH NAVY SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, NAVAL RESEARCH. SPONSORED BY THE
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEAMCHj APRIL 18, 19, 20, 1961, U. S. NAVAL
ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS., MARYL.AND. (Office of Naval Research,
Washington, D). C., Report No. ONR-9# Volum~e 1, 1961, 367 p..)
AD-260 239
Descriptors: Probability, Guided Missiles, *Digital Computers,
Thermoelectricity, Materials, Aerodynamic heating, Spaceships,
Radiation damage, chemical analysis, De-icing materials, Do-icing
systes, Optical materihlsj- Infrared spectroscopy, *Solid state
physics, Dostmeteres, molecular structure, Crystals Polymers, Free
radicals, IlSyposia, *Scientific research, *Naval research,,
Niobium, Alloys, Magnetic properties, Radiation effects, Ferrites,
Particles, Infrared research, Mathematics, Mathematical analysis.
187.0 FIFTH NAVY SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, N1AVAL RESEARCH. SPONSORED BY THE
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEAROH, APRIL 18, 19,. 20, 1961, U. S. NAVAL
ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. (Office of Naval Research,
Washington, D. C., Report No. ONR-9p Vol. 2, 1961, h06 p., 151. refs.) AD-260 240
Descriptorst. 4 iSympoia, *Naval research, *Scientific research,
Blood, Contamination, Oxygen equipment,9 atmosphere models, Body
temperature, Man, Thermoelectricity.$ Therinic'emission,
Protosm, Dossage, Power supplies, Hydrodynamics, High temperature
research, Pions, Polymers, Molecular structure, Decomposition,
Reactor coolants,, Hydrides, Vinyl radicals, Aluminum, Personnel,
Selection, Behavior, Training, Job analysis, Auditory acuity, Training devices,. Teaching machines, Tracking, Leadership,
Toxicity.,
188. FIFTHl NAVY SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM. NAVAL RESEARCH. SPONSORED BY THE
OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH, APRIL 18, 19,. 20, '1961,, U. S. NAVAL
ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND. (Office of Naval Research,
Washington, D * C., Report No. ON4R-9, Vol. 3, 1961, 402 p.,
)74refs.) AD-260 2241
Descriptors: Solid state physics, Electron beams,- *Symposia,
Radio waves, Meteorological radio, Ducts, Oceans, Meteorological
instruments, Measurements Thin-fibus,9 Electronic equipment,,
Electronic circuits, Photoconductivity, Infrared detectors,
Water waves, Ships, Submarines, Hydrof oils.. *Oceanography,,
Ferroelectric materials, Ceramic materials, Barium compounds, Titanates, Naval ordnance, Antisubmarine warfare, Cathode ray tubes,
Polarographic analysis, Upper atmosphere, *Naval research,
* ilitary research, *Scientific researchj, Guns Propellants,
Mathematical analysis,9 Hydrodynamics,9 Beaches,9 Hydrology, Acoustics, Marine biological noise*
189,. MMIWOS OF SUBMARINE BUOYANCY CONTROL. (Office of scientific Research
and Development, Contract OE~sr-ll.31, Suumary Technical Report, Vol. 6B,
194.6, 89 p., 049 refs.) PB 139 776
190. CLASSIFIED TITLE. P. Cohen -LoA, and B.,.Ovensm (Sperry Gyroscope Co., Great Neck, New York, Contract NOrd-16040, Sperry
Report No. 5285-7315, Interim Report No. 22, October 1957, 23 p., NAVORD Revort No. 4716, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-158 643
191. THE SUEMAJRIiE. (Standards and Curriculum Branch, Training Dir.,, Bureau of
Naval Persoimel, NayPer. 16160-A, Revised May l955.)
192'. INTERACTION OF A MOVING SUBMERGED BODY AND AN INITIALLY UNDISTURBED
FREE WATER SURFACE. (Stevens Institute of Technology, Report No.
R-391, October 19249, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines - Motion; Submarines -- Control;
Submarines -- Testing.
193. TESTS OF SUBMARINE MODEL TO DETERMINE FORCES ASSOCIATED WITH
PROXIMITY TO SURFACE. (Stevens Institute of Technology,
Report No. R-392, December 1949, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Submarines -- Testing; Submarines -- Motion;
Submarines -- Control.
194* COMMITTEE REPORTS FOR THE SPECIAL PROJECTS OFFICE STEERING TASK.
GROUP MEETING. (U.S. Navy, Navy Special Projects Office,
Report No. R-61-A-12/13, 12-13 January 1961, SECRET/Restricted
Data)
Contents include: POLARIS (Model); Submarines -- Command systems;
Submarines -- Propulsion; Navigation systems, submarine.
195. A REPORT ON THE PCCS (FALL, 1960) EFFECTIVENESS STUDY. (U.S. Navy,
Navy Underwater Sound Lab., Report No. RR-489, 24 October 19 60,
SECRET)
Contents includet P(a6RIS (Model);* Submarines -- Command systems;
Submarines -- Communication systems.
396. POLARIS SUB TENDER PROTEUS AS UNDERGONE MASSIVE CONVERSION. (News
Item from Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, Janary 1961, p. 18)
POLARIS sub tender PROTEUS has undergone massive conversion and
is now 44 ft longer than before. The ship is capable of any repair
or replacement-short of 6omplete overhaul-for a fleet of POLARIS
subs. Unique features of the tender include a giant bridge crane
to handle the IRE, and four deck storage area for 20 missiles, a
120-ton container to store nuclear waste and a $5 million navigational
system repair center.
)
SCTION A
Submarines
5, General Articles on Submarines
d. Foreign Progress and Past Events
197. SUBMARINERS KEEP THEIR WORD. (Bloknot Agitatora (The Agitators
Notebook), No. 18, June 1961, pp. 9-10)
198. SUBMARINE 1,ENT OUr TO SEA; FRCM THE DIARY OF A PROPAGANDIST.
N. Lemeshchenko. (Bloknot Agitatora (The Agitators Notebook),
No. 20, July 1961, pp. 28-31)
199. MRINE ENGINEERING NOTES FRO0 SOVIET PRESS. B. M. Kassell. (American
Society of Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 70, No. 4, November 1958,
pp. 619-628)
References to conversion of Soviet submarine into underwater
laboratory; raising of cargo ship Ldpsye, and use of longitudinal
slipway for repair work; hydrofoil motor ship Raketa; diesel engine
manufacture; propeller failures; building at various shipyards, etc.
200. ROYAL NAVI-1958. (Engineer, Vol. 207, No. 5371, 2 January 1959,
pp. 4-8; Vol. 207, No. 5372, 9 January 1959, pp. 46-48)
Navy's role in global war; numbers and types of H. V. ships;
submarine and antisubmarine situation; dockyards and maintenance.
201. NAVAL CONSTRUCTION IN 1958. R. V. B. Blackman. (Engineer, Vol. 207,
No. 5373, 16 January 1959, pp. 88-93)
Illustrated descriptions of new frigates, submarines, patrol
boats, etc., in Great Britain, United States, and other countries.
202. MARINE NUCLEAR. (Engineering, Vol. 187, No. 4859, 24 April 1959,
pp. 545-548)
Problems of shielding and safety in conjunction with nuclear
ship propulsion; transfer from United States to United Kingdom
of complete Skipjack-type submarine nuclear propulsion plant;
British project; gas cooled ship reactor; other projects.
203. MAN UNIERWATER. CHELOVEK POD VODOI. V. G. Fadeev. A. A. Pechatin
and V. D. Surovikin. (Izd. 2., Ispr. i Dop., Moskva, Izd-vo
DOSAAF, 1960, 263 p.)
204. SOME RECENT PROGRESS IN NUCLLER EIGINEERING. J. Cockcroft. (Joint Panel on Nuclear Marine Propulsion Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, April 1959,
pp. 1-9)
Discussion of reactor types which may have application to
marine engineering, taking into account capital and operating
costs as well as performance; reactors considered are pressurized
and boiling water types, advanced gas cooled, and organic liquid moderated types; reference is made to actual and proposed ship and
submarine installations; remarks on safety, and on United Kingfdom
nuclear propulsion program. Parsons Memorial Lecture, 1958.
205. SOME UNUSUAL OPERATIONS ON PARTS FOR NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBM4ARINES.
(Machinery, British, 6 September 1961, pp. 567-571)
206. MARINE PROPULSION PROJECTS. (Nuclear Engineering, Vol. 4,
No. 38, May 1959, pp. 193-196)
Exploits of Nautilus and Skate demonstrated practicability
of nuclear propulsion for marine application; world review
of projects building and planned; British nuclear submarine
Dreadnaught; French nuclear submarine Q244; Russian nuclear
icebreaker Lenin; American nuclear submarines Nautilus,
Seawolf, Skipjack, Skate, and nuclear merchant vessel
Savannah; studies in Denmark, France, Germany, Holland,
Italy, Japan, Norway and Sweden.
207. NUCLEAR POWERED SHIPS. K. Maddocks. (Nuclear Power,
Vol. 3, No. 31, November 19b, pp. 535-540; Vol. 3,
No. 32, December 1958, pp. 588-591)
November: Reactor data for nuclear powered ships;
Russian icebreaker Lenin develops 44,000 hp from three
PAR; American passenger-cargo vessel Savannah develops
22,000 hp from single 74 mw PWR; French interest in
20,000 hp vessel includes three studies which cover PWR
system, 51 mw boiling water reactor, and 60 mw C02 cooled
graphite moderated reactor. Decembers British interest
in 30,000 to 50,000 hp vessel powered by gas cooled graphite
or heavy water moderated reactor; Japanese design of 180
mw PWR for 26,000 ton passenger ship, PWR for submarine oil
tanker; developments regarding shielding techniques, reactor
design, and heat exchangers.
208 0 PROBRAZ0VANII B10XANICEHSKOI ENERGII V ENERGIYU SVCHEKOLEBANII 1 0
SBCH-MOTRhL N. G, BAZAto (Radioteldinika ± Elektronikat Vol. 4,
No. 70 July 1959o Pp. IMe-1184)
Conversion of aechifl1ftlag Into microwavb oscillatiouns;
microwave motors problil Of sdpafttion of paramnagnetic i=n in
alternating magnetic fiel ekampies of devices using such
separation systems,
209. BRITISH ]NUCLEIAR SUB1EARINE "'DRWANOU11t1t
. (Shipbuilding & Shipping
Record, Vol. 96, No. 17, 27 October 1960, pp. 541-542)
Notes on vessel launched at Vioksrs-Jxmstronges yard; length
226 ft, beam 32 ft, surf'ace displacement about 3500 tons;- pressurized
water reactor of type titted in USS Skipjack will be used to drive
single shaft through steam turbineal cutaway drawing shows general
arrangement.
210, 404 DhYS I TOl WAR PATROL LI'E -C TtM GERNIAN U-505. Hams Joachim Docket'
Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago* (United States Naval Institute
Proceedings, Vol. 86# No. 3, March 1960, pp. 33-45)
Since 1954 the steps of bome t~ro million visitors have clanged
on the deck, ladders, and passageways of a 250-foot monster "moored"
at Chicago's Museum of Science & Industry.
What contributions to the German war effort had the U-5O5 made?
Her career was uniqu6, atid yet the pattern of her operations was typical
of most U-boats.
a.LAST CHfApTER FOR U-e53& DA 1a aj*a.; U. S. Navy. (U. S. Naval
Institute Proceedings, Vol. 86, No. 12, pp. 82-89)
A sunken Nazi U-boaj in 20 fathoms of water a few miles south of
Newport has ar ous od keen interest in skin-diving circles in Rhode
Island. The story, of that kill Is the subject of this articles
Notes For Hydrof oils a"s Journal of Ship Research, 1958, 1959,
1960, 1961.
~L.jApAJIL SUBMARINE T~ACTICS& Unenka2r- amd
Gadua ta of the Japanese Naval Academy and formier Commanders in
the Imperial Japanese Navy. (United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 87p glo, 2j Pebruary 1961P pp. 76-83)
Ons of the most interesting, unanswered questions having to do
with Japanese submarin~e operations in World] Whr 11 concerns the
sinking of the craiser 1353 INDIANAPOLIS by 1-58. How did it happen
that the submarine found herself in such an advantageous position
on 29 July 1945?
MOTION A
Subiarines
5. eNmeral Articles on Submarines
e. Optical ard Other Equipment in/for Submarines
213. ANALMIS AND IV SIGATION CC IOP30 U LA SUmin. PAR! I.
LZhAM and T.Z 1Jjnga . (Daid Taylor KOdel bet Washington,
D. C., Report No. 1531, Jae 1961, 32 p., 19 rWoe.) AD259 944
Falwes in service of wide bladed marine propellers indicate that the
design stage stress analysis may hae engedered a false som~e of security
in the propeller's strength. The Taylor method of stress analysi, Is
acoordingly exaued and compared with a newly developed shell theory of
stress analysis. The results of certain .photolastic experiaental work
are also reported as verifying that actual stress distributions in
propellers are different from those predicted by the Taylor method#
214. HOW MILITARY SEES IN DARI. (Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 26,
26 June 1959, p. 20+)
Low-light-level television furnishes eyes for nuclear
submarines and space vehicles. Also used in radio astronomy and
special fire-control.
21.* HOW RADIATION MONITOR GUARDS NUCLEAR NAVY. A. (Electronics,
Vol. 33, 22 January 1960, pp. 43-45)
216. SONAR GUIDES SUBI4ARINES UNDER POLAR ICE. L. H. Dulbereer, (Electronics,
Vol. 34, 24 March 1961, pp. 18-19)
217. ATOMIC SUBWKARINES DEPEND OR AIR CONDITIONING. (Heating-Piping,
Vol. 31, November 1959# pp. 40-41)
218. AIR CONDITIONING VITAL TO ATOMIC SUB CRUISING. Ebeolkd,
(Ileating-Piping, Vol. 32, August 1960, p. 109)
219. UNDERWATER COMUNICATION SYSTEM. N. D. Miller. (IRE Transactions on
Communications Systems, Vol. 05-7, No. 4, December 1959, pp. 249-251)
Communications between submerged submarines and surface craft
require energ to be propagated through sea water; only practical
method for transmitting this energy is by acoustic means; for longrange ocmnioation, eingle-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission
system is only effective way of propagating this sound energy;
requirements of transmission system.
2206 DATA RECORDING AND PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS - EAPON SYSTEM TEST
SSB(N)-608 CLASS SHIPS. (Johns Hopkins University, Report No. STD-2,
No Date, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Data Processing; Recording, Data; FBM (Model);
Submarines- Testing; Weapon Systems - Testing.
2. STRANGE "FISH" UNDER THE POLAR ICE' (Missile Design & Development,
September 1960, pp. 36-37)
Aboard the nuclear submarine "Sea Dragon", the first undersea
magnetic video tape recorder will record and store data on underthe-ice characteristics from externally installed TV cameras. Upon
return to base the recorded information will be displayed for the
benefit of undersea service trainees, greatly increasing their
understanding of hazardous polar navigation techniques. The recorder,
a joint U.S. Navy-RCA effort, is a marvel of compact design
(Dimensions: 20" x 20" x 100"). It nestles securely in the limited
confines of a torpedo rack, yet represents a 60 per cent space
reduction over existing commercial video tape equipment. Designed
to the curvature of the torpedo rack it will fit through the
opening of a 24-inch hatch. Though small in sizep the 4 megacycle
recording it produces is fully compatible with its commercial
counterpart t
222. N SUB DEPTH GAGE DEVELOPED, (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
24 JUY 1961, p. 21)
A 3-5 times increase in measuring aouraoy ha. been aohieved with a
new submar ne depth gp developed by Westingouse, the company reports.
Capable of operating at depths five times greater than ever before,
the new age employs electrioal measurement rather than mechanloal
(3cUrdom tube) measurement used in ocafetional ga es, Readout is by
nmerical meter instead of Indicator dial,
223. DEVICE SEEN VASTLY IMPROVING ACCURACY OF SUB?4ARINES' POSITION FIXING.
(Missiles and Rockets, Vol. 9, No. 5, 31 July 1961, pp. 36-38)
Koolaman scientists says use of modified aircraft tracker can
yield order-of-magnitude advances; details of system.
224* HYDRA PROGRAM. UNDERWATER EXPLOSION BUBBLE'S TIME HISTORY.
M. Kaltwasser, (Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory,
San Francisco, Report No. NRDL.-TR-513, 2 June 1961, 21 p.)
AD-260 391
A brief description of the physical phenomena - gas bubble,
shock wave, and water flow - arising from an underwater spherical
chemical detonation, along with a critique of past work on the
subject is presented. Assum dng a non-steady, irrotational,
compressible, unbounded water flow in a zero gravitational field,
and using appropriate fluid dynamic and certain assumed thermodynamic relations, the exact equation for the water potential
function' F is derived. The general solution, F(r, t), is
discussed, and two particular solutions, with boundary
conditions applied, are presented for the bubble radius a(t)
up to the time of first maximum radius.
225, BALANCING ROTATING MACHINERY. S. (Power, Vol. 03, No. 6,
June 1959, pp. 213-236)
Detection of vibration in early stages can prevent damage;
nonsymmetrical weight distribution is basic cause of unbalance,
which contributes to vibration; analysis and measurement of
vibration requires understanding of amplitude, frequency, resonance,
critical speed, harmonics, etc; application of machines for detecting
amount and location of unbalance; fundamentals of field testing in
troubleshooting of unbalance and vibration.
226, THERMOELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONER FOR SUBMARIJES. . N.2- ,=.
(RCA Review, Vol. 22, June 1961, pp. 292-304)
227. COSTA PROPULSION BULB. G . (Shipbuilding & Shipping Record,
Vol. 93, No. 3, 15 January 1959, pp. 73-76)
Information on development and application of device for recovering
energy from losses behind propeller; it comprises streamlined body
which is welded to rudder immediately abaft propeller boss, having
its center line continuous with center line of shiftl bulb eliminates
vortices which trail from propeller boss, tranquilizes flow of water
behind propeller, prevents its sudden contraction and smoothes wake.
228, PROVIDING BETTER AIR FOR BOTTLED UP MEN IN A NUCLEAR SUBMARINE.
E .im W&LU. (Sa Journal, Vol. 69, June 1961, pp. 80-81)
229, DIGITAL-AALOG HE WAR E SIMULATION BACKS UP POLARIS DESIGN.
u Lockheed Missiles & Space Co.# Guidance & Simulation,
ltesearoh Laboratories, Sunnyvale, California. (Space/Aeronautlcs#
September 1961, pp. 67-70)
The Polaris simulation program is made up of six-degree-offreedom trajectory routines, programed for a digital computer
and equivalent mathematical models applied to an analog computer
and actual hardware. On the basis of digital computer simulation,
guidance accuracy is evaluated, while the analog-hardware setup
simulated actual flight control and guidance system components.
The trajectory computer program includes the effects of submarine
amtion and sea-state parameters on the early phases of the missile's
flight.
With the help of the simulation program, design studies are verified,
interface and design deficiencies are spotted in advance of flight
testing, and malfunctions in actual flight tests are diagnosed.
230. EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION NO. 2264-103A NAVDAC SEIECTOR SWITCHBOARD
NAVIGATION SUBSYSTEM FOR SSB(N) 608 CLASS. (Sperry Gyro. Co.,
Report No. GA-l3-0002-3A* January 1960, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: Navigation subsystems, fleet ballistici
M3. (Model); NAVDAC (Model); Submarine systems; Selectors -
Switchboard.
231. SINS MK 2 MOD 0 MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT DRAWINGS AND SCHD(ATICS.
(U. S. Wavy, NAVSHIPS Report No. 324-0437, Vol. VIII, April 1960,
CONMEIDN=L)
Contents includes SINS (Model)) Submarines, FEj
Navigators, Inertial.
232. WELDING OF TRITON, WORLD'S LARGEST NUCLEAR-POMED SUBI4aRINE.
G, W. Kirklev. Jr. (Welding JoUrnal, Vol. 39, No. 9,
September 1960, pp. 893-902)
Operations described range from heavy. multipass welds on hull
plating to minimum size deposits on small diameter reactor instrumentation tubing; hull is of 100% welded construction; fabrication of
nuclear piping systems; special method for bimetallic welding.
developed to meet stringent service requirements.
233. WELDING HELPS LAUNCH FIRST NUCLFM-POWERED MERCHANT SHIP. (Welding
Engineer, Vol. 44, No. 9, September 1959, pp. 50-51)
.N. S. Savannah which can carry crew of 110 and about 10,000
tons of dry cargo at cruising speed of 21 knots, can travel
estimated 300,000 nautidal miles in 3.5 yr without refueling;
reactor is same as in Nautilas and Skate; two hemispherical heads
and center section of reactor containment vessel were fabricated
separately with E-7016 low hydrogen electrodes.
SEClTION A
Aubmarines
S.General Afticles on Submaries
f.p Nuclear Submarines
234. THUNDER ON THE CLYDE (OPPOSITION TO POLARIS SUBMARINE BASS AT
HOLY IOCH). (Economist, Vol. 197, 5 November 1960, p. 532'.)
235. LIVING WITH POLARIS (HOLY LOCH SU34ARINE BASE POBL S).
(Econmist, Vol. 197, 5 November 1960, pp. 531-532.)
236. POLARIS MISSILE TRAINER. (Franklin Institute Journal, Vol. 270, October 1960, p. 338)
237. THE MISSION OF THE POLARIS WEAPON SYSTEM. (General Electric, Report No. DC-18701, No Dates SECRET)
Contents includes POLARIS (Model); Submarine systems.
238. CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE (F NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE CARGO
VESSELSJ. A. inuia2.a (International Shipbuilding Progress, Vol. 7, No. 70, June 1960, pp. 253-256)
Indexed in Engineering Index 1959, p. 1380 from North East Coast
Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders-Transactions May-June 1959.
239. PLANNING AND SCHEDULING SSB(N)-608 CLASS SHIPS. (Johns Hopkins University, Report No. STD-3, No Date, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includes FBM (Model); Submarines - Fire Control Systems; Submarines - Testing; POLARIS (Plans and Planning) (Model)
20. MACHINE SHOP BEHIND OUR ATOMIC SUBMARINES. Harold W. Bredin, assoc, ed.
(Machinery, June 1961, pp. '96-.05)
Geared for the ultimate in short-run production, Electric Boat
Division's machine shop turns out more than its share of unique and
contoured parts. An apprentice training program keeps the shop
well supplied with highly skilled mechanics.
241. ABE LINCOLN LAUNCHES FIVE Or AN AFTERNOON. (News Item from Missiles
and Rockets, 29 May 1961, p. 11)
The nuclear-powered submarine Abraham Lincoln, operating under
DOD-imposed secrecy, is understood to have launched five operational
POLARISES down the Atlantic Missile Range in one afternoon earlier
this month. She is understood to have sailed with a full load of
16. According to a Cape report, holds prevented the planned launching of more birds the same day. But the report is unconfirmed.
242, FRENCH F3 IN '69? (News item from Missiles and Rockets, 5 June 1961,
p. 9)
A nuclear-powered submarine program will reach the building
stage during 1963 in France. The three subs in the program,
however, aren't expect6d to be ready for testing until 1967 or
to become operational with a POLARIS-type missile until 1969.
243. POLARIS MOVES TO THE MED. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
5 June 1961, p. 9)
Whether or not NATO acoepts President Kennedy's offer of five
POLARIS submarine, the second squadron of U. S. missile-launching
submarine* probably will operate In and out of the Mediterranean
Sea. The second POLARIS tender, the Hunley, is expected to seek a
southern PurapeAn anchorage either in the Mediterranean or possibly
somewhere on the coast of Pfrtugal.,
244,6 POLARISKI SUBS WERE MISSING. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets, 7 August 1961, p. 9)
Western observers especially observed that the Russians did not
produe9 any missile-launchiog nuclear-powered submarines at the recent
Red Navy show at Leningrad, The Soviets have boasted that they now
have more of them thaa the tnited States. The failure of at least one
of the subs to make an appearance increased the belief of U. S. officials
that the best the Soviets have so far is a nuclear-powered sub capable
of launching only short rame missiles.
245- NUCLEAR POWER FOR PROPULSION R CCMERCMIAL SHIPPING. J.Coc .
(North East Coast InstitutieM Of -- neers & Shipbuilders Trans- )actions, Vol. 75, Pti 1, ftyber 195, pp. 27-38; also,
International Shipbuilding Progress, Vol. 5, No. 51, November 1958,
pp. 515-521; Eagineer, V61, 206, No. 56, 7 November 1958,
pp. 729-731; Shipbuilder & Makine fnine-builder, Vol. 65,
No. 610, December 1958, pp. 9666")
Present state of developefnt in light of technical performance
of nuclear submarines of United States, ad information disclosed
at Geneva Conference on developient of commercial nuclear ,
propulsion; application of "eBsurised water and boiling water
reactors; economic factors; iafety of nuclear propulsion.
27th Andrew Laing Lecture.
20. CAAC ICS AND PEV0RANCE OV NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE CARGO
VqSms. J... juagaas. (North East Coast Institytion of
Enginers & Shipbuilders Transactions, Vol. 75, Pt. 7, May-June
1959,. pp. 461-472)
Likely characteristics and performance of submarine tanker and
comparison with surface tanker, both of 47,000 ton dw, with nuclear propulsion and powers to 40,000 shp; at normal speeds optimum
submarine form would have slightly lower resistance than surface
vessel but argin is such that saving in annual fuel bill is
unlikely to offset additional cost of submarine and operational
difficulties.
247. TRE DEVELOPNT CF NUCLEAR PROPULSION IN THE NAVY. Carl 0. Holmouist
U. S. Navy, and Russell S. 6reenbaum. (United States Naval Institute
Proceedings, Vol. 86, No. 9, September 1960, pp. 65-71)
In February of this yeari the nuclear submarine SARGO became the
third U. S, Navy submarine to oruise under the polar ice cap. Furthermore, SARGO was the first submarine to break through the ice and
surface at the North Pole during the Arctic winter. It has now been
dramatically demonstrated that the nuclear submarine can make the
crossing from the Pacific to the Atlantic at any time of the year
and can operate freely and safely under the Arctic ice pack.
248. ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT -- THE PRESET STATUS OF CHeMICAL RESEARCH
IN ATOSPHERE PURIFICATION AND CONTROL ON NUCIZAR-POJERED SUBMARINES,
V.Ro Piatt and E.A. Ramkill eds. (U.S. Navy, Naval Research
Lahoratory, Reo E'No..530, 14'July 1961, 134 pp.)
This annual progress report supplements NRL Report 5465,
April 21, 1960, which was a comprehensive review of the past and
present research and development effort of the U.S. Naval Research
Laboratory on the atmospheric habitability of submarines.
Emphasis is at present being devoted almost exclusively to nuclearpowered submarines. Considerable progress has been made in the
major efforts of developing; (a) continuous processes for the
electrolytic generation of oxygen from water, including the
sulfate-cycle system which also entails the absorption of carbon
dioiidde, (b) semigloss water-thinned paints which reduce the
hydrocarbon contamination levels, and (c) practical installation
of additional electrostatic-precipitator capacity for drastically
curtailing the atmospheric concentration of aerosols arising
chiefly from smoking.
249. FOR YOUR PROMECTION.-ATC(IC SUBWM LOOKOUTS WARN AGAINST ARCTIC
INVADERS. (Adrtismant by Raytheon Compmny, Waltham, Massachusetts)
Sleuthing Just beneath the ocean's surface, USS Triton--world's
largest submarine-thrusts her giant radar antenna above the arctic
sea to scan the skies for aerial intruders.
Ws Raytheon air-search radar antenna retracts into the superstructure when Triton submerges, yet is strong enough to withstand
sudden crash dives.
First nuclear-powered picket sub, Triton can cruise 110,000
miles without refueling. She acts as a fleet scout, or as a floating
-station to extend the land-based DEW line radar network.
Today, all Navy picket submarines are equipped with Raytheon
radars-another example of the skills and knowledge of 39,000 men
and women ootributing to national security.
250. SRIOS STRUCTURAL FATIGUE lROBIMl. (New Item from Underwater
Engineering, March/April 1961, p. 48)
Serious structural fatigue problem ay be in the offing for
deep-divift maclear submarines. Ividence has been noted in the hulls
of emo of the older craft. Reson: Much geater depths to which
they go# and the fact that their high-speed maeuverability results in
mana more pressure oyling. than are encountered by conventional
boats. There my also be problems of residual stress worked into
the structure due to plastio dformtio under deep water pressures.
MAery: What's the work hardening effect of repeated high pressure
cycling? This my be the beginning of our first real insight to so
of the problems peculiar to design for repeated operation to great depths. Watch it.
251- ANOTHEPOR FISTFOR THZU. SNAVY'SATMUIC SMB.
(U. S. Newts & World Report, News Itemp 5 September 1960, p. 6)
Travreling part of the way under ice, the U. S. Atomic submarine SEADRAGON tra versed the 850-eil, short route through
the Canadian Arctic ila nds late in Auguste* It was the first
such trip* Alwajm before, ice at the west and of the routeforced ships making the Northwest Passag, to thread a tortuous
southerly route. Later, the SKADRAGON touched at the North Pole,
headed for Haaii. It also had made the first Atlantic-to-Pacific
polar crossing by an atomic sub.
252. U. S. O3TS A POLARIS SUB BASE ABRO)AD.. (U. S. News & World
Report, News Item, 114 November 1960, p. 114)
An agreement with Britain gave the U.S.* a base in Scotland for
atomic submar'ines armed with nuclear-tipped Polaris missiles.
The pact angered British Laborites and stirred controversy about
the degree of control Britain would have over use of the 1,200-
mile-rang weapons. By next February, two Polaris subs and
auxiliariesa, including the sub tender PR)TEUS8 will be at the
Firth of Clyde base. Your other subs will join them during 1961.
253. SUMRE BMS FOR POLARIS: MEE.JOURTS CF M' WMMLD (Advertiseent
by Lookhee in It. S. New & World Report, 5 June 1961p pp. 12-13)
UvAer the seas that cover three-fourths of th world now move
a aew kind. of submarine. Nuclear-powered, it runs so swift and so deep
it om~eot be tracked. It stays submeorged for months. It carries 16
Polaris missiles, which it can launch in as many minutes without
surf asng. Each missile means total destruction for one strategic target. and few are beyond reach. fthe U. S. Navy's Polaris submarines turn the
global as into one vast secret missile base, -t end any hope of
destralisg Amercas poster to strike back after a surprise attack.
The Missiles &'Space Division of Lockheed is prime contractor and system
manager for the Polaris missile-and leader of a nationwide team of
thousands of companies,, large and small, that bae" participated in
the program.
SECTION B
Tqrpedoes
254~. SPECIAL P URPOSE MARINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS 1,2. Ro ggart (American Society of Natal Engineers Journal, Vol6 36 o,3,
Auxgust 1959, pp. 4~33-1437) Vol9 71, No- 4, November 1959, 7) PP. 615-6210)
System for use where certain features of conventional
screw propeller militate against its use, iLncluding torpedo application,. August: Controllable pitch, contra-rotating, and vertical ais propI~irs; tort nozzle. Novembers Air screws;
surface' propellers; tracked vehicles; E-1y-raLc Jets.
255- POLARIS LAUNCHING SYSTEM1. D.K. Ela. (Astronautics, Vol. 3,, No. 12$
December 1958, pp. 44"r
Factors underlying selection of launching method and
significant design problems, dictated by need for combining launcher
and storage magazine in submarine firings of Polaris missile
system of U.S., Navy; "Pop-up* concept employing tube ejection
unit described.
256. CORROSION PREVENTION FOR POLARIS. H. .$Agjr (Astronautics,
Vol. 3, No. 12, December 1958, pp. 38-394.)
Practice at Lockhesed Missile Systems Division, Sunnyvale, California;
special protective finishes, corrosion resistant materials and
encapsulation, provide capability for withstanding extended periods
of constant readiness during storage or stowage of U. S. Navy
Bureau of Ordnance Fleet ballistic missile.*
257o* NAVY ORDERS HOMING TORPEDO PRO)DUCTION. (Aviation Week and
Space Technology# Vol. 13, Not 2, 11 July 1960, 'p. 129)
Navy has ordered the General Electric-developed MARK S4
active homing torpedo into production after a two-year evaluation,
and the weapon will be used by the fleet against high performance
nuclear submarines.
MARK 44 torpedo is the conventional payload for the ASHOC
antisubmarine missile system (AW June 27, p. 32) * It can
also be dropped from attack aircraft and fired from weiting
surface shipboard torpedo tubes, N ARK 44 has been under
developwint by 03 Ordnance Department sinc* 1954.
258 * A STUD Clr ME FEAIBILITY (F AN OPTICL.LASH ACOUSTIC-PING ThANSPONM2
SYSEM FOR SHR RANGE UNDNMATft TRAKING. Donald F. lmu~ts.
(Electronic System Iaboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technolog Cambridge, Contract Nour-184153, Report No. 8060-R-30 July 1960, 11p.
The use of optical tracking'a" a possibility for torpedo tracking instrimentation Is considered. The system described is that of an active
torpedo closing on a submarine. Conclusions reached from the calculations of effective ranges for underwaster flashes are given. Specific
areas discussed are light source intensity$ light attenuation in water,
optical noise sources, phototube self noise, sub-surface, sunlight, and
bioluminescence.
*Available on loan only.
259- NAVY TO GET UNDERW1ATER DRO)NE. (Electronics, Vol., 33, No* 30,
July 22, 1960, p. 146)
TV-guided underwater workhorse, designed to retrieve
torpedoes, has many comercial uses.
260, SURVEY OF UNDEWATER HISSIL9 TRACMIG INSTRUMENATION. kZ~bw and
(IRE Proceedings, Vol. 47, Ro. 5, Part 1, May 1959,
Development of instrumentation and curre nt underwater trackcing
ranges are described; principal tracking method employed is fixed
site tracking range in which array of hydrophones receive sound
pulses generated in moving vehicle; relative arrival time of pulses,
know array geometry; and propagation velocity are employed to
compute coordinates, speed and acceleration of underwater missile.
=ASOLUE CASE TAPPE HRD PCtK pOLAIS R0CnT ENOIM * Lrece W. Collims. Jr.,
Assoc# ed. (machinery, September 1961, pp. 87-92)
What has Made the Polaris the most successfu~l and-most feared United
States deterrent is that it was designed, engineered and is built that
may. EVen a simple fuel-tank closure for this missile shows the result
of practical planning plus sound reeearch.
262. SUEROC PRODUCTION TO START. (Nov. Itee from missile. aid Rockets,
12 June 1961, p. 9)
The Navy is plannin to begin pilot production of the Goodyear
STJEROC in FT '62, but the initial deployment date for the nucleartipped underwatr-to-underwater missile has become somewhat blurr~ed.
The submarine.-launched, SMDOC vas expected to be initially deployed this year. This nov appears doubtful.
263,, PLUG NOZZLE FOR POLARIS. (Nevs item from Missiles and Rockets,
14 August 1961, p. 21)
The Navy is considerig the use of plug nozzles on its POLARIS
fleet ballistic missile to add efficiencyr and shorten the missile so
that more propellant can be. used, A plug nozzle configuration would
simplify, thrust vector control problems and increase reliability by
reducing seal failures, The changelsi expected to be a significant
contribution to the Navy's aim or a 2500-mile range POLARIS.-
61.NAVY POLARIS AND AIR FORCE MIDAS TOOK SIGNIICANT~ FORWARD STRIDES.
(Nons Item from Missiles and Rockets, 30 October 1961,v p. 10)
For the first time, a 1500-mile "Polaris A-20 was fired from a
su~bmerged subarine, the Ethan Allen. The flight of the 30-ft.
missile on October 23 &ppeared to be successful. But there was
no confirmation from the Navy, under a DOD-imposed secrecy rule,
25. RED UNDERSEA THRE&T GROWS. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
Vol. 10s No. 5,.29 Januaa2y 1962, p. 11)
The Defense Department is increasingly concerned with the threat
posed by Soviet. missil&-launching submarines.* The Russians have
bean known for som tims to have conventionally-powered subs capable
of launching missiles. Current evidence increasingly indi~cates
that the Soviets also have uclear-powered missile subs. The missiles
are considered to be short range. But even those could obliterate
all of the big metropolitan areas On the East and West Coasts.
266. POLARIS SLIPPAGE TO END, (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,,
Vol., 10t No. 5t 29 Jantai-! 1962, p. 11)
Te Defense Department is plannin to end the Administrationimposed day by day slipjage in the construction of POLARIS submarines beyond the 29th, The department says it will release funds
to the Navy to order loig lead-time items for the next six POLARIS
suabs, However, plans nov call for placing the sub-building
props.m beyond the 2 '9th boat on a basis of one every two months.
rather than the projected one-a-month.
267. POLARIS BAGGED IN FLIGHT. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
Vol. 10, No. 5, 29 Januar7 1962, p. 23)
A heavy-duty nylon-webbed net is being used by Lockheed to snare
advanced versions of the Navy's POLARIS missile in mid-air. The
huge bag captures the 15-tou IRB4 as it breaks from the water after
being launched from Lockheed's submerged tube.
268, ASROC BECOMES NAVY ASW HAYMAKER, Jeme B .. (Missiles and Rockets,
Vol. 6, No. 26, 27 June 1960o pp. 9-10)
Some 150 ships to get missile during next few years; first
public evaluation exercise shown high capability. (Carries
General Electric's Mark 44 Torpedo. Some information included
on torpedo).
269o NgCt= JT REVIVAL TO BRI4 DAASTIC MISSILE REVISIONS. j L . (Rtselles and Rockets, 11 September 1961, pp, 14-15)
U. S6 as well as Soviets oan make good use of more explosions!
maneuvers may be aimed at Polaris subs.
270. SSISKOLOGY TAKES TO UNDERSEA WA ARS , & . (Missiles and
Rackts, 9 January 1961, pp. 28-29)
Dresser finds oil huwting techniques apply to identifying,
targeting enemy submarines; beacon built for ocean bottom POLARIS
navigation,
271. SUIKARIWE IDEAL FOR SURPRISE ATTACK. . (Missiles &
Rockets, 24 October 1960, pp. 29-31)
SUBYARINIE - UNDERSEA - WARFARE - ANTI-SUKAR.ES
272. SlAG MAES POLARIS FIRIG 'PAIL.-Al', Den st"!W. 0*neral Precision,
In,, Keal'tt Division. (Misiles & AE , Janary 1961,
pp. 93-24)
Kearfott-developed system oald be installed on surface vessels
carrying opefatioial birds; dual unit has perfect record.
273. 'BRAIN' OF THE POLARIS MISSILE.. R General Electric
Company, Ordnance Department, Pittsfield, Maseachusetts,
(Missiles and Rockets, 12 June 1961, pp. 30-31+)
Guidance package designed by MIT lab is smallest of inertial
systems in present operational missiles.
276 MAGNESIUM BATTERY CASES LICK MISSILE AND TORPEDO WEIGHT PROBLENIS.
(Modern Metals, Vol. 15, No. 2, March 1959, p. 60+)
Aluminum and magnesium used extensively by Yardney Electric
Corporation, New York, in manufacture of Silvercel batteries; tuits
are six times lighter and five times smaller than ordinary storage
batteries; materials employed; examples of light alloy batteries
used in missiles and torpedos.
275. SINULATI0 i ANALYSIS OF THE TORPEDO MARK 44 MOD 0. Hiroshi Mori.
(Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California. (NOTS 1853;
NAVORD Report No. 5630, 27 September 1957, 61 p., CON4FIDENTIAL)
AD-301 972
)
276. SIMULATIOIN ANALYSIS OF THE TORPEDO AtRIK 46 MOD 0 WITH LANA PANEL.
Hirosh N R. L. Schroeder, and L.Zj . (Naval
Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California, NAVORD Report
No. 6532, NOTS TP 2225, 22 April 1959, 39 p., CO1FIDE14TIAL)
AD-313 691
277. PROJECT SWISH: FIELD STUDIES OF RETORC AND TORPEDO MAFRK 46 FLOW NOISE.
. R. Nisewaner, J. R.. Cambbell, R. L. Allman, and W. G. Mammon,
(Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California, NAVORD Report
No. 7035, NOTS TP 2423, 8 February 1960, 3, p., 12 refs., CONFIDENTIAL)
AD-317 760
Flow-noise studies util zing an unpowered buoyant torpedo (the
SWISH RETORC) were conducted during the summer of 1958 at Lake Pend
Oreille, Idaho. The effects on flow noise of nose shape, speed, and
depth were investigated. For moderately smooth skin finishes, the
flat nose was 10 to 20 db per speed octave in the range of 30 to 40
knots. Noise level was constant with depth below 100 feet,
The unsmoothes, unpolished M4k 46 Mod 0 evaluation head with a
highly directional 38,5-kc transducer and a self-noise level of
-38 dbs (referred to . dyne/cm 2 ) in deep water at 40 knots, The
surface discontinuities at the transducer joint and thp dye-pot
cover were the most important noise contributors. Careful smoothing
reduced the noise lev'el 30 db.
278. POLARIS UNDERWATER LAUNCH PROGRAM. J. G. Rezin (U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California, NOTS 2055, NAVORD Report No.
5902, Investigations Progress Report No. 2, 3 March-9 June 1958,
46 p., 21 refs., CONFIDENTIAL) AD-302 216
This is the second of a series of reports correlating the model, analytical, and full-scale investigations results of all agencies participating in the Polaris underwater-launch program. Related
underwater-launch system characteristics are discussed; a summary
of analytical, model, and full-scale test results and a review of
new missile working parameters are included. Conclusions are drawn
from the material discussed and recommendations made for future
areas of investigation.
279. ANALYSIS OF A FRCPORTIC,%.II C027TROLLED PURSUIT GUIDANCE SYSTE.
R. L. Schroeder. (China ke, California, NOTS Report No. 1720,
22 March 1957, N;VORD Report No. 5444, COFIDEN4TIAL)
A new control system for torpedoes was investigated on the
Hydrodynamic Simulator. Succer-sful attacks were made from all initial
conditions against targets at speeds up to 25 knots. In every cF.se
the missile crossed the longitudinal axis of the target less than
25 yards astern, and closed within 20 yards minimum distance of the
point source target. Stern closures against high-speed targets
crossed forward of the point source. This performance was superior
to that obtained with the experimental torpedoes to date.
A linear system gain of 2.0 (azimuth rate to rudder position)
resulted in stable and well-behaved trajectories with both double and
quadruple pulse repetition rates. For the system studied, successful
operation did not require either a quadruple pulse rate or non-linear
gain characteristic..
Introduction of lead steering, with a 10-degree limit on the
transducer angle, moved the stern closure away from dead astern.
Generally, this required less run time, but otherwise did not
significantly improve performance.
The possibility of incorporation of this system into present
experimental weapons is discussed in Appendix A.
280. ENGINEERING DESIGN & FEASIBILITY STUDY PROPOSAL FOR LONG ENDURANCE
PATROLLING TORPEDO (LEPT). (North American Aviation, Columbus Division,
Report No. NA6OR-168, 21 March 1960, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: LEPT (MODEL) Torpedoes.
281. EVALUATION PROGRAM -- BUORD SUBROC PROGRAM. (North American
Aviation, Inc., Missile Division% Downey, California., Report No. MD58-99, 29 April 1958, SECRET/ Limited Circulation)
Contents include: SUBROC (Model); Missiles, guided, submarine;
Submarine systems.
282. TOMORROW'S TORPEDOES NOW. W. 0. Foss. (Ordnance, September -October
1961, pp. 212-215)
283. CLASSIFIED TITLE. Emerson L. Grindall. (Pennsylvania State
University, Ordnance Research Laboratory, University Park,
Contract NOrd-26597, 1 March 1960, 17 p., Serial No.
NOrd-26597-60, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-315 577
Descriptors: Torpedoes*; Countermeasures; Tests; 'Naval
vessels*; Safety devices*; Antisubmarine warfare.
284. ROCKET TORPEDO. (Rocket-Jet Flying, Summer 1961, pp. 4-5)
285. BULLETIN OF ACTIVITIES I,; THE TORPEDO PROGRAM. U. S. Naval Ordnance
Test 6tation, China Lake, California. (Torpedo Quarterly, NAVORD
Report No. 5805, November 1q57, C0N1FIDENTLIL) AD-157 088
RAT Goes to Sea, M. D, Blatt; ASROC Thrust Cutoff, H. l ; Simulation of Linear Acceleration on a Torpedo Pitch Pendulum,
W. D. Olson; Buoyant Location Marker for ASROC, A. M. Lonardo; Tests
of Exploder Mechanisms, J. A. Berget; Velocity Fields in Underwater
Motion Analysis, L. A. Lopes and D. L. Elliott.
286. SOUNDS OF IGNITION AND ROCKET THRUST OF POLARIS MISSILE. (News Item from Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1961, p. 18)
Sounds of ignition and rocket thrust of POLARIS missile are almost
inaudible in a submerged sub. A feature of an educational display at
the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry is recorded countdown and
launch of the POLARIS from the USS GEORGE WASHINGTON,
287. MARK 44 TORPEDO EVALUATION. (Underwater Engineel1o , March/April 1961,
pp. 18-19)
The Mark 44 acoustic homing torpedo is the , S. Navy's latest
operational torpedo. It can be ship-fired by otventional methods,
air-dropped, or ASROC-boosted over 18,000 ydae i General Eleotric's
Ordnanoe Departmentt Mark 44. manufacturer, opsontes a' Field Test
Station for the Mavy at Key West where these bots *ere taken.
Mark 44 bas speed and depth needed to kill laa sest muclear subs.
288. TORPEDO WATER ENTRY. Barron Kemp, (Underwater L)e1nserin&, March/
April 1961, p. 32) /
Aircraft-launched and rocket-thrown torpedo is are. iubjected to
many types of severe mechanical shock excitatiln throughout their
service life.
This is a very critical time in the life ols a torpedo since the
weapon must accomplish its mission immediatelzM following water entry.
Therefore, it is mandatory that all internal jjiectronic and electromechanical torpedo components survive this dynoac-loading condition
without permanent damage.
289. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A LONG ENDURANCE PATROLLING IQ? EDO SYSTEM. (U. S.
Navy, Naval Underwater Ordnance Station, Repcj M Yo. T14-212, SECRET)
Contents include: ASW (MODEL); Torpedoes ;yYe~apon Systems, nuclear;
Anti-submarine warfare.
290. A LONG RANGE, HIGH SPEED, DEEP RUNNING TORPEDO. (O)(U. S. Navy, Naval
Underwater Ordnance Station, Report No. R-5940.O3., CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Torpedoes; Submarine sywitimms; Underwater
research.
291. MsW WEAPON ENTERS THE UoS, ARSENAL. (U. S. News & World Report,
1 August 1960, p. 58)
The United States took a big step toward restoring.the
balance of power in military missiles on July 20.
On that day, the atftic submarine GEORGE WASHINGTON for the
first time fired two Polaris missiles while fully submerged,
hitting targets 1,200 miles away with wremarkables accuracy. These two shots proved the thbory behind a whole new
wepos system.
292. POLARIS MISSILES FOR .FIT ATMIC CRJISER? (U. S. News & World
Report, News Itea 5 September 1960, p. 16)
Work on the first U6 S. nuolearkpowered cruiser is 18 mooths
behind schedule. The USS .Log Beach now is due to be commissioned
in Jiune 1962, instead of late this year. The Defense Department indicated it may take advantage of
the delay to equip the cruiser with Polaris missiles -- making
it the first surface Ship able to launch long-range ballistic
missiles at strategic targets.
Adapting the Long Beach to handle the Polaris would boost
costs free about 300 millions to 800 millionse
293, IS WORLD SALAM IN XISSILM SHTNG TO U. S.? (U. S. New& World
Report, 23 Januay 1961, pp. 62-68)
Almost Unaoticed, U, S. has movel into a position of devastating
poer in bi les. Polaris, already deployed, is ready for action.
M tan is coming alo", ahead of schedule, In sheer sabers,
Rat" still has the edge. )kt U. S. now has the mans to destroy
Rasia vith a variety of fantastic weapons.
-)
SECTION C
ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) and UW4S (Undersea Weapons Systems)
294. ANTISUBMARINE NRFARE: NAVIGATION, COMIUNICATION, DETECTION, DATA PROCESSING, AND DISPLAY. (Autonetics, a division of
North American Aviationj Inc., Downey, California,
Report No. 34-1950, 31 August 1959, SECRET.)
Contents include: Submarine systems; SINS (Model);
Submarines - Detection; Data Processing.
295. WHICH WAKE IS AN ENEMY SUMARIN? (News item by Bendix Corporation,
Fisher Building, Detroit 2, Michigan in U, S. News & World Report,
Vol. 49, No. 9, 29 August 1960, p. 35
Thanks to its anti-submarine equipment, the U. S. Navy quickly
determined that both suspected "targets" were actually whales. Had
they been enemy submarines, however, the Navy was ready to take
immediate action.
Protecting this Nation from surprise underwater attack is an
ocean-sized problem that's being energetically tackled on a great
many fronts. Bendix-with its development and production background
in depth recording and indicating instruments, underwater telephones,
submarine detection and tracking sonar, scanning sonar, power steering,
and other submarine gear-has been assigned the responsibility for
much submarine operation and detection equipment.
296. RA1DAK/SONA2. DECOY. John B. Brennan. Jr. and Glenn E. Leydorf. (Chesapeake Instrument Corporation, Shadyside, Maryland, Contract
NObsr-72693, Interim Engineering Report for period ending 1 July
1958, 15 July 1958, COIfIDENTIAL) AD-303 897L
297. THE ANTI-SUEMARINE SUMARINE. (U.) (Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, Conn., Report No. P59-094A;
CEB-0721, 1 June 1959, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-319 254
Contents includes Submarine kiliers*; Submarines; Submarine
hulls; Submarine enginee; C ,,i'ol systems; Antisubmarine fire
control systems; Command systems; Design; Configuaration;
Materials; Navigation; Antisubmarine warfare; Production.
298. HOW MILITARY SEES IN DARK. (Vleotronics# Vol. 32, No. 26, 26 June 1959,
pp. 20-23+)
Low-light-level television furnishes eyes for nuclear submarines
and space vehicles. Also used in radio astronomy and special firecontrol.
299. ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE 1RKET WINNING STRONG NEW SUPPORT. (Electronics,
Vol. 33, 26 August 1960, p. 24)
300. AIRBORNE RADIOMETER MAY FIND SUMARINES, (New Item from Electronics,
Vol. 35, No. 4, 26 January 1962, p. 7)
An extremely low-noise, Ade-band maser amplifier, used as the
first r-f stage in a correlative Dicke-type radiometer, may be the
answer to successful round-the-clock all-weather detection of submarines from airplanes covering thousands of square miles.
301. NEW SUB KILLER OPENS BIG MARYE!T NE% APTI-SUBMARINE ROCKET, ASROC.
1 M (Electronics, Vol. 33, 8 July 1960, pp. 28-29)
302. WEAPONS CONTROL SYSTEM STUDY. (General Dynamics Corporation, Electric
Boat Division, Groton, Connecticut, Contract Nonr-225300, Final
Report, 31. January 1958, CONFIDENTIAL) AD-152 700
This weapon control syste .report presents the results of studies
into submarine data processing as related to fire control and navigation.
An early conclusion was that 6xisting submarine processing techniques
did not represent the best U6 Of the available data. A statistical
technique, specifically the method of "least squares", was applied
to determine a best fit for waterborne target parameters (course,
speed, and range) to the available target measurements, and for
own-ship position to available navigation measurements; the technique
would also make possible the determination of standard errors in
the computed solutions, thus providing a measure of solution quality.
In effect, the least squares method would deliver solutions based
or% consideration of all available input data rather than discrete
sets of data.
303* 400,O00-GALLWN TEST TUBE FOR ASW RESEARCH. (Advertisement by
General Dynamics/glectrobiohg Military Products Division,
Rochester' 3 New Tork, in Unerwater Fngineering, March/April
1961, p. 115
ASW research at General Dyamoseleotronics gets a powerful
lift from & giant research tool,..the largest privately-owned indoor
facility for underwater acOubtic testing, It's a circular, opentopped test tank, 48 feet across, 30 feet deept, complete with automatic
test instrumentation for all types of acoustic measurements.
Overhead equipment, capable of hefting a 2 1/2-ton transduoer,
can position a target or a transducer anywhere in the tank. Measuring equipeent can be placed an the surface, to study the air-water
interface as part of an aooutic transmission path. Underwater
lights and a viewing port at the fiftoen-foot level permit direct
observation or photograpkW,
304. ASROC: ANY SHIP A POTENTIAL SUB-KILLER. (News Item from Honeywell
ilitary Products Group)
With the successful testing of ASROC, the newest and deadliest
anti-submarine weapon systet the Navy made potential sub-killers
out of many ships in the fleet. Existing ships can be equipped with
the ASROC system pennitting them to protect convoys and coastlines.
At the same time, ASROC greatly extends the kill area of each ship
permitting swift attack without aneuvers or leaving the convoy.
ASROC was developed by the U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station
(NOTS), Pasadena, for the Bureau of Naval Weapons. As prime contractor,
Honeywell is responsible for the entire weapon system, including
computer, launcher, missiles and all aspects of control. ASROC
is another example where proper planning and capable management by
the Armed Services and their contractors have resulted in the
efficient use of tax dollars,
305. NEWS IT. (Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil, Vol. 1, No. 1, October 1961,
p. 46)
According to an American report, the Bureau of Ships is to build a
50-foot test craft shortly and a 150-foot ocean-going craft for experiments and evaluation in anti-submarine warning (ASW) and amphibious
work in 1963.
306. SUBIC I'MAPONS CONTROL SYSTEM4 INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS STUDY FINAL
REPORT. (Librascope, Report No. FR-59-G-31, 31 July 1959,
CONTFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: SUBIC (Model); Control systems, weapons;
Submarines - Evasion characteristics; Displays, optical;
Displays, tactical; Submarines -- Research; Tactical control
systems; Submarines - Control systems.
307. THIS IS HOW AN ENEM. MIGHT SU US, (News Item by Lockheed Aircraft)
An enemy might see us as a natidh of 30 prime targets-the 30
great cities that hold 3 Of our p*ople, 51% of our industry, most
of our leaders. Through h" perinoope he could see the skylines of
15 of these cities--easy Marks for shortrange missiles from his
submarines. And though the Other 15 lie inland, he could reach them
all with sub-launched mibsil hving a range of only 1,000 miles.
Between his subs and our dities stand the Anti-Submarine Warfare
forces of the U. S. Navyj In their endless search of the seas )around us, they fly hundreds of hater-killer planes built by
Lockheed-Arica's mosi ezipeinoed ASW contractor. But their job
grows harder each yearj as submarines run faster and deeper, as
sub-launched missiles fly fatther, Hence the quickening tempo of
Lockheed's ASW work, Several division are now developing and
producing destrOyers, patrol planes, and advanced electronic systems
for underwater detection and oiabibication.
308. TOTAL SUBROC BUY DISCLOSED. (News Item from Missiles and Rockets,
22 May 1961, p. 9)
The Navy has revealed that it plans to spend a total of $100
million on the new "Subroc" ASW missile. The nuclear-tipley
Goodyear missile is expected to be deployed for the first time this
year, greatly extending the striking range of U. S. hunter-killer
submarines,
309. SPECIAL BARGE TO DEPLOY ASW TEST NET. (Missiles and Rockets,
News Item, 5 June 1961, p. 9)
The Navy is reported to be converting an aimunition barge
for laying on the Atlantic floor new Artemis test receivers
for long-range detection of submarines. The high-gain receivers
are attached to marine cable laid from the barge, which is
being outfitted with special handling equipment and receiving
elements designed by Pneumo-Dynamics Corporation.
310. LOOK AHEAD AT ASW R&D. (News Item from Missiles & Rockets, 12 June 1961,
P. 9)
The Navy is estimating now that unless it receives a big step-up in RDE funding the ASW slice will continue to run between $200
million and $250 million over the next three years. The Navy is requesting $235 million for ASW RDT&E in FY '62. Meantime, the FY '62 budget
contains 88.3 million for anti-ASW R&D work in the field of ship noise
reduction.
311. AUSSIES DEVELOPING ASW MISSIE (News Item from Missiles and Rockets, 17 July 1961, p. 11)
The Australian Department of Supply has under development an ASW
booster for the Mark 44 torpedo. The missile is said to have twice
the range of "Asroc", which also carries the Mark 44. The U. S.
has contributed 84 million to the program.
3126 ARTEMIS TACKLES PROBLEM OF SURVEILLANCE. (News Item from Missiles and
Rockets, 24 July 1961, p. 21)
ARTEKIS-the Navy's progtak to determine the feasibility of very
long-range undersea surveillance--bas taken a step forward with the
addition of a powerful sonar transducer and "advanced signal processing equipuent" aboard thd 3S Mission Capistrano. The gigantic transducer--weighig hundreds of iofts and consuming enough electricity for a
town of 50#,000--can be lowered into the sea for data gathering and recovered.
A sister installation at Argub Island--30 miles southwest of Bermudais used in connection with hydrophones that relay sonar echoes to highgain receivers.
313. DRONE EXTENDS ASW STRIKING POWER, (Missiles and Rockets,
31 July 1961, News Itemp p. 21)
A remotely-controlled drone - nicknamed DASH (Drone
Antisubmarine Helicopter) -- has extended the Navy's ability
to hit hostile submarines to the limits of it* sonar detection
capability. Flown from the deck of a destroyer, the Model
.DSN-1 coaxial-rotor helicopter is armed with homing torpedoes
and allows the Navy to Ittack sobs before the enemy craft
become aware of the attack. The new drone was developed and
produced by Gyrodyne Company of America, Inc.
314. DEVICE SEEN VASTLY IMPROVING ACCURACY Of SUB&ARI ES' POSITION FIXING.
(Missiles and Rockets, Vol, 9, No, % 31 July 1961, pp. 36-38)
Koolaman scientist says use of modified aircraft tracker can
yield order-of-magnitude advances details of system.
315,. LOCIaIED TO STUDY IWALES FOR ASW DATA& (News Item from Missiles and
Rockets, Vol. 10, No. 3, 15 January 1962, p. 21)
Lockheed-California Co. plans to plant a small sonar transmitter
on the back of a whale in an effort to obtain data of value to antisubmarine warfare and studiabb The miniaturized electronic gear
will be planted on the whale S back from a small plane. Signals
from the equipnent will be tracked by an recorded aboard the Sea
Quest, the company's floating marine laboratory.
316. NAVY CONSIDERS HYDROFOIL FLEL'I, Ja . (Missiles and Rockets,
23 May 1960, pp. 12-13)
The Navy's answer to the Soviet missile-launching submarine may be
an antimissile missile-pack~ag hydrofoil destroyer.
The Navy is seriously b6naidering the development of a hydrofoil
destroyer as the first of a gLkeat fleet of possibly several hundred.
317. WHY THE NAVY SUDDENLY WANTS 100 NUCLEAR-POWERED ASW SUW.ARINES.
James Baar. (Missiles & Rockets, 7 November 1960, p. U)
318- CMabITTEE WI S-D $10 14ILLION IN C0NTRACTS. Wla . (Missiles
and Rockets, 1 May 1961, pi 36+)
An M/R report on how a top ASW 6ontractor effectively coordinated
its divisional efforts, with haplr results.
319. NODO EAGER FOR ADVIC9 FROM INDUSTRT. giAll Bl. (Missiles and
Rockets, Vol. 9, No. 21, 20 November 1961, p. 22)
Oceanographic Data Center will supply companies with free
processing and equipment-design information; agency wants help in
planning its 'modular' data system.
320. UNIQUE FLEET OF ASW STUDY SHIPS URGED. Richard VAn Osten. (Missiles
and Rockets, 5 June 1961, pP. 32-33)
Design proposed by Douglas would center around steel sphere,
have range of 100 n. mi., speed of 5 knots.
321. INNER SPACE. (News Item from Missiles & Space, April 1961, p. 10)
A long overdue interest in our Own planet's basic phenomena is
growing vigorouslyt It is estimated that oceanography will budget
at $650,000,000 in the next ten years, excluding ASW efforts, under
the Marine Sciences and Research Act, of which successful passage
by Congress is anticipated. Needless to say, the submarine is the
reason for much of the interest, for its pursuit has been spectacularly
unsuccessful and revealed any gaps in our geophysical knowledge. The interest extends all the way to archaeology, where scuba-diving has brought up some of the best preserved specimens of all ages.
322. MINUTES OF MEETING OF THE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION TASK CO!NIImE
OF THE NSIA ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ADVISORY COMoIITEE.
(National Security Ind. Assoc., Report No. R-5041, 28 January 1959,
SOXRET. )
Contents include: Submarines - Detection; Countermeasures
systems.
323. OCEA P ABOARD TBE T L e , .L abr and L.jjka U. S. Navy Hyiropapuio Offle, Washington, D. C. (Naval Researoh, Sept.mber 1961, pp. 1-7)
In Feb ary 1960, the Hydropaphic Office was presented with a unique opportuni for a trio of Scientists to conduct coordinated research in
geopeby's and oceanograpy. The Cmnder of the nuclear submarine
UM#lad ehosea, as a O]asdown cruise, to aks an epochal ciroumnavigation of the globe whle Submerged. Inas3ch as this cirotmavia.-
tion would provide the means of obtanin continuous data profiles
throju many relatively uataveled and unknown areas, the HydropAphio Offioe hastemed to install On board equipment for oceanographic,
bathymetrio, and geophysical Surveys.
324. NEW SENSE OF URGENCY. Edn, D. WWI- U. S. Navy, Anti-Submarine
Defense Force, U. S. Atlantic Fleet. (Navy, April 1961, pp. 12-15)
The Navy's appreciation of the vast underwater jungle of shifting
masses of water beneath which our own submarines can hide makes it
realize how difficult the problems are,
To this end the Navy has created a global Anti-Submarine Defense
Force-poised to provide protection to the continent of our country.
325. A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ToE GENERAL ASW
VARIABLES STUDY. (North American Aviation, Inc., Columbus, Ohio,
division, Report No. NA8H- 483, 23 September 1958, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: AbW (Model); Submarine systems
326. ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE. A RE VIEW OF CURRENT PROGRIAS IN AST.
(North American Aviation, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, division
Report No. NA59H-249, 14 May 1959, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: ASW (Model); Weapons, antisubmarine;
Submarines - Detection.
327 * PROGRESS REPORT PHASE I - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CARRIER BASED
VTOL/STOL AIR WEAPON SYSTEMS FOR A61-. (North American Aviation,
Inc., Columbus, Ohio, division, Report No. NA 59H-454,
31 August 1959, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includes VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) (Model);
STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) (Model); ASW (Antisubmarine
Warfare) (Model)j Submarine Systema.
328. BUi W S i VAUATICE C ANTISKARI VARFARE FARMS. (North Amercmn
Aviation, Inc., Report 3A 61N-330, . May 1961, approz 50 p.,
hriat researh, Antisuborine W far -iconosio aspecta.
329. AN APPRAISAL OF ORO'S D1FFENSE STUDY, R-17 (U). A. WJohlstetter.
(RAND Corporations Report No. RM-2120, 21 February 1956,
SECRET.)
Contents include: Defense systems, overall; Weapon systems,
low-altitude; ECM (Electronic countermeasures); Submarine
systems.
330. EARLY WARNING FR(O TRITON SUB OVER 11.0000 MILES AGE. (News Item
from Space/Aeronautics, January 1960, p. 29)
Recently comissioned Triton submarine will have a cruising
range of 110,000 miles and carry a crew of 173 men. She is fitted
with high power radar and SOnar gear for early-warning detection
of enemy planes, submarines, and surface vessels. Cost is put at
$100 million.
3310 NEW THREATS, NEW REQUIREMENTS, NEW FRONTIERS. Randolph Hawthorne, ed.
(Space/Aeronautics, January 1960, p. 17)
Aerospace technologies are applied to problems of the sea frontier.
We desperately need breakthroughs in UWS detection and comunications.
Merely to find a submarine in the vast oceans is beyond the reach of
today's knowhow. Communications to and from undersea conditions are
far short of needs.
332. SINGLE AGENCY FOR ASWt Robert M. Loebelson. (Space/Aeronautics,
January 1960, p. 21)
L. B. Richardson, senior vice president -- engineering,
GeneralDynamics Corporation -- insists that once the Navy
makes up its mind that the special-projects approach to ASW
is desirable, it should also define what weapon systems ASW
should include and fund all of its ASW work through that
office.
33. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTES;SPECIAL REPORT. PART I. INDUSTRY VIEWS THE
FUTURE C UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS, Roet 4. Loebelson, assoc. ed.
(Spaoe/Aeronauties, JanAa* 19601 pp. 39-42)
S/A survey gets ibdustk7's viewpoints on critical UWS problems,
growth possibilities, government leadership.
334. UNDERSEA WEAPONS SYSTEM8; SPECIAL REPORT, PART II. NEW SYSTEMS CONCEPTS
DEVELOPING FOR UNDERSEA WEAPONS. Yliaor do Biasi, assoc. ed. (Space/ Aeronautics, January 1960# pp. 4347)
)Whole families of underwater vehicles? Weapon-systems approach
looks promising. Submarine teams are in the offing.
335. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS. SPECIAL REPORT PART III. CATCHING UP WITH
THE SUBMARINE. P Sperf Oyroscope Co., Anti-Submarine
Warfare SectionGreatNok, Now York. (Space/Aeronautics,
January 1960, pp. 8-5o)
Physical conditions stacked in favor of submarines.
Effective submarine detection feasible but far off.
ASW weapon development making good progress.
336. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS;SPECIAL REPORT, PART IV. THE UNDERSEA ENVIRONPENT.
rassoc. Eleattonics eds (Space/Aeronautics, January 1960,
Review of some basic ohafaoteristics of the undersea environment.
Major topics include the Ocean floorb sediments, currents, and
properties and phenomena 6f sea water medium. A pullout chart of
major oceanographic feattkes of 14orth Atlantic.
337, UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS. PART Vi STATE OF THE ART: DETECTION AND
COIMUNICATlONS. A Electronics ed. (Space/Aeronautics,
January 1960, pp. 58-63, 1 ref.)
Most sub detection still relies on sonar.
Electrcemagnetic "windoW' remains elusive.
Satellites may solve dommwications problems.
338. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTES, " PART YI. STATE OF THE ART: GUIDANCE AND
NAVIGATION. B assoc, Pblectronics ed. (Space/Aeronautics,
January 1960, PP- 64-67)
FBM subs to use inertial guidance.
Fairly low frequencies for radio systems.
Extensive signal proocasing is needed.
339- UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEVS. PART VII. STATE OF THE ART: PROPULSION.
Vcodo , assoc. edo (Space/Aeronautics, January 1960,
pp. 68-71)
Thermoelectric systems can fill dual role.
Fuel cells look most practical right now.
Jet thrust systems are being studied.
340. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEJ.5 PART VIII. STATE OF THE ART: HYDRODYNAMICS,
STRUCTURES, MATERIALS. Ij _ .abe, assoc. ed. (Space/Aeronautics,
January 1960, pp. 72-75)
Designers no longer "freeze" ocean surfaces
Higher speeds through nuclear power.
Detail design is extremely critical.
3t1. UNDERSEA WAPON SySTEM. # PART IX. CAVITATION PROBLEMS LOO~t IARGE IN
UNDERWATER MISSILE DESIGN& Robert H. Oversmith, General Dynamics
Corporation, Convair Division, Hydrodynamic Model Basin, San Diego,
California. (Space/Aeronautics, January 1960, pp. 77-78+)
Drag coefficient depends only on cavitation number.
Nucleus content influences development of cavities.
Cavitation seen as violently oscillating process.
342. UNDERSFA WEAPON SYSTEMS. PART X. HOW TO BUILD A HMO-ACOUSTIC TEST
TANK. Ri rd L. Ban Hazeltine Corporation, Hazeltine Electronics
Division, Little Neck, NeV York, (Space/Aeronautics, January 1960,
pp. 89-92+)
Tank better than the ocean or a lake.
Noise from outside must be suppressed.
Depth of 2400 ft can be simulated.
*4AeP
343. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS- PART XI. UNDERSEA WEAPON STSTEM ROUNDUP.
(Space/Aeronautics, January 1962, pp. 101-104+)
Virtually all activities involving offensive and defensive
undersea warfare are the reponsibility of the Navy. Among the
many and highly diverse weapon systems this service has in
operation or under development are: Aircraft; Non-rigid airships;
Missile, Torpedoes, Rooceti Submarines; Helicopters.
344. INTERD! REPORT FUTURE 1,EAPONS STUDY. (Sperry Gyro. Co.,
Report No. R-5285-7236, October 1955, SECRET)
Contents include: ASW (Model); Submarines -- Armament;
Submarines -- Detection; Sonar.
345, ASW DIVISION OF AMCJET-GENERAL CORP, SPLIT. (News Item from Undersea Technology, November-December 1961, p. 14)
The ASW Division of Aerojet-General Corp. has been split into
ti:o independent units-the Oceanics Division under the direction of
former ASW Div. manager Calvin A. Gongwer and the Torpedo Division
headed by George N. McRoberts. Some of the projects now underway
at the oceanics Div. are underwater remote controlled utility drones,
ocean turbulence meters, silent fluid transmission valves, and underwater connunications defense systems, The Torpedo Div. is concerned
with research, development, testing and production of undernater
weaponry.
346. $1 MILLION SHORE-BASED TRAINER, (News Item from Undersea Technology,
November/December 1961, p. 14)
A $1 million shore-based trainer for the Navy's ASROC anti-submarine
weapons system has gone into operation at the Norfolk Navy Base. The
trainer, built by the Ordnance Division of Kinneapolis-Honeywell,
consists of a number of consoles to locate and track enemy subs,
compute their course, range and speed, aim the ASROC launcher and
fire the missile.
3w TO KILL A SUMIRINE YOU'VE GOT TO FIND IT. (Undersea Technology,
Vol. 2, No. 6, November/De~dmber 1961, p. 21)
To kill a submarine, yq ilVe first of all got to find it, and therein
lies the bulk of the V. S. ASW effort, By comparison the final act of
destroying it is relatively simple-rarticularly with a nuclear warheadthough even here there is a pressing need for ASW weapons with greater
effective range.
348. PULMD UIRAVIOLET RADIATION PM SUBNARIB DETECTION? AndzA UA.
(Undersea Tobnoloat, Vol. g No. 2, PAy-June 1961, pp. 40-41)
A new idea in the realm 61 sbmbari detection, which permits "visual
observation" in the dark# is SEA-D&TA, an airborne reconnaissance system
empoyng pulse near-ultravi6iet radiation. This unique and novel concept
utilizes condenser-discharg flaahtubee that emit large magnitude pulses
of near-ultraviolet radiant energy to an appreciable area of the ocean's
surface. Radiated in this Mimer, during conditions of darkness, the
surface will exhibit coherent patterns of fluorescence and associated
visual phenomena caused by various factors in the otherwise invisible
wake evidence.
349. ASW AND UNDERSFj RESEARCH AT AEIO3T-GENERAL CORPORATION. (Underwater
Engineering-,'Vol. 1, No. 1, pp& 28-30)
AeroJet's Anti-Submarine Wa±-fare (ASW) Division, directed by
Calvin A. Gongwer, works in 0@6se coordination with the United
States Navy and is doing something about the situation. The division
is working on a multi-millioh dollar Navy contract for the design,
development and production of & high-speed ASW torpedo of radical
design. Besides -the torpedo itself, handling, launching, and fire
control equipment as well as special Component parts are also being
devised for this complete tolpedo weapon system. This work is under
the management of George M. 146oberta.
350& PASSIVE SILENT UNDERWATER DETEOTION SYSTEM CONTRACT. (News Item from
Underwater Engineering, Volt 2, No. i, January 1961, p. 18)
Passive silent underwater detection system contract for $4.5
million has been awarded to Aperry and will be under the direction
of the Naval Ordnance Lab* The accurate and wide range system is.
compatible with existing firO control equipment and is scheduled
for Installation in operational subs as well as those under construction.
351. ASW, USW AD OCEANOGRAPHY ANALYSIS. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2,
No. 1, January 1961, pp. 32-5)
The following short articles are included: '60 Systems Development
Improved ASW Prowess$ Hydrodynamic Research was Friutful in 1960;
Sound Propagation Study Poses a 1961 Challenge; Hopes Held for
Awareness of Undersea Potential; 1961 is Crucial Year for ASW Field
Growth; a Prime UE Need is A~curate Instrumentation; Oceanography
Stimulates Congressional Interest.
352). ASW SURFACE CRAFT. CONTRACT FOX AIR CONDITIONING. (News Item from
Underwater Engineering, March/April 1961, p. 8)
Contract for air conditioning Grumman Aircraft Engineering
Corporation's turbine-powered hydrofoil has been placed with
Garrett Corporation's AiResearch Mamfacturing Company, division,
Los Angeles. AiResearch already has a contract to provide
Grumman hydrofoil with gas turbine aurilliary power.
353, ASW SURFACE CRAFT. MARITIIE ADMINISTRATION. (News Item from Underwater
Engineering, March/April 1961, p. 8)
Maritime Administration it pulling universities into ship-design
programs, as fast as contraots can be segnd and money made available.
Latest moves: Four contractS with as many universities, to study
means of designing more prodUotite and efficient ships; and a new
contract (with Stanford Research Institute) for further studies of
potentials of hydrofoil craft.
35,. U. S. NAVY'S SUBmINERS. (News Item from Underwater Engineering,
March/April 1961, p. 48)
The U. S. Navy's submariners are the only ones in the Pentagon,
it's said, standing a heel and toe watch. That's salty talk for aroundthe-clock close vigilance* The statement emphasizes the critical
nature of 'the undersea envirOnment to this nation's security-also
the still not fully ecorehetea future that awaits mankind in both
war and peace beneath nai oaemn wave#. For this reason, with this
issue, this column becomes a regular feature of Underwater Engineering.
It, like the submariners, will klep a close watch an the whole state
of the underea art; tactical and strategic developments in ASW
and PFW; news, views and ptaobpti of the Navy's total underseas
effort; and constitute, ih efeot# a sounding board for oments and
Ids"*
355. NAVY STRIPS WRAPS FROM ATOI0 LTLU. (News Item from Underwater
Engineering, March/April 1961, p. 49)
When the normally reticent Navy talks about Lulu, they cite some
statistics that would makd arW girl proud. Lulu is smaller than
Betty, weighs 1/3 as much, is much easier to handle, can do the job
better, will stand up longer under the strain, and requires less
care-only about 59-60 man-hours per month. The only bad faultand it's a good one as fat as the Navy is concerned--is that she
makes more noise than Betty. Both are nuclear depth bombs for
use against submarines.
356. ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FOR UNDERSEA WARFAFE. Leon W. CA",
Bendix-Pacific Division, Bendix Corporation. (Underwater
EngineeringfVol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-21, 4 refs.)
Transducers may be classified as tO purpose, frequency, principle
of conversion, bandwidth, etc, Operation at frequencies much above
50 KC is to achieve high resolution at short range, while operation
below 10 KC is commonly used to get long ranges with high power
output. To mention types in wide use according to principle of
power conversion, transducers may be piezoelectric, electrostrictive,
magnetostrictive, electromagnetic, reluctance, etc.
357, UNDERWATER SOUND. 1. NL. lauQn U. S. Navy. (Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 2, No. 2, March/April 1961p pp. 27-28)
A comprehensive rundown Of acoustical principles as they apply
to latest ASW.
358. TORPEDO COUN MEASURES. ad les C. Cartwriah
U. S. Navy Mine Defense LabOatOry, Torpedo Countermeasures Branch.
(Underwater Engineering, Mah/April 1961, pp. 33-34)
Defending our ships in i future war where large amounts of overseas shipping are required Oould place prohibitive demands on conventional Anti-Submarine WA~faft and naval escorts. In such an event,
it is unlikely that suffioLent esoort vessels will be available. In
both previous wars escort "essels always were in short supply. For
this possibility, a torpedo OAuntermasures system is requisite both
for protection and morale.
359 OPTICS IN ASW ENGINEERING. Alftkd J. Zaehringer. (Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 41-44)
S When considering underwater viewing whether via the eye, photocamera, or TV, two important factors must be considered:
I) Absorpt in and scattering of various spectral regions of the
electromagi etic spectrum (EM).
2) Effect of intensity.
Using these principles, the science of underwater optics has
suddenly opened up new vistas in viewing. Underwater photography,
for example, has played an important role in such an event as recording
retrieval of ballistic missile nose cones from the ocean.
360. KILLING NUCLEAR SUBM4ARIES. Uaorte P. Steele, U. S. Navy. (u. S. Naval
Institute Proceedings, Vol. 86, No. 11, November 1960, pp. 44-51)
The ocean itself is the greatest single obstacle to ASW. To a
greater or lesser extent, its vagaries influence every device we have
to look into the submarines medium. In a war of submersibles, cold
or hot, the country who knows the sea best can control it. Some of
the difficulties of tracking and killing nuclear submarines are discussed in the articles.
361. ASW ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFAIM. (U.S. Navy, Report No. R-59-E-14,
1959, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: AS (Model); Submarines - Detection.
362. PATROL NUMBER ONE SECTION LIM U.S.S. PATRICK HENRY SSB(N)-599. (U. S.
Navy, Report No. R-61-C-08, 30 December 1960-8 March 1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includet PATRICK HENRY (MODEL); Submarines, FBM.
363. USS GEMGE WASHINGTON SSB(N)-598 PATROL NUMBER TWO SECTION LIMA MATERIAL
PERFORMANCE DATA. (U, S. NUvy, Report No, R-61-D-25, 22 February 1961-
25 April 1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
)Contents include: GEORGE WASHINGTON (MODEL); Submarines, FP.
.6). U.S.S. PATRICK HENRY SSB N-599 PATROL NUMBER TWO SECTION LIEA -L4TERIAL
PERFORMANCE DATA. (U. S. Navy, Report No. R-61-F-O3, 8 April-2 June
1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include; PATRICK HENRY (MODEL); Submarines - Design;
Submarines - Performance.
365- USS PATRICK HENRY SSBN-599 PATROL NUMBER THREE SECTION LIMA MATERIAL
PERFORMANCE DATA. (U. S. Navy, Report No. 61-G-04, 4 July-28 August
1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: PATRICr HENRY (MODEL); Submarines - Design;.
Submarines - Performance; Submarines - PBX.
366. U.S.S. ROBERT E. LEE - SSBN-601 PATROL IM)BER TWO SECTION LIMA MATERIAL
PERORMANCE DATA. (U. S. NaVy, Report No. R-61-H-09, 9 August 1961-
3 October 1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includet ROBERT E. LEE (MODEL); Submarines, FBM;
Submarines - Performance.
3670 REPORT ON INSTRUMENT AND NAVIGATION EQUIFIMT CAPABILITIES FOR CARRIERBASED ASW AIRCRAFT. (U. S, Navy N°A.D.C., Report No. NADC-AI-5732,
14 June 1957, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents includel ASW (model)l Submarines, FBM; Navigators, inertial.
368. AIRCRAFT/SUBMARINE COOPERATION IN ASW OPMRATIONS. (U.S. Navy,
N.A.D.C., Report No. NAC WRm5920, September 1959, SiORET.)
Contents includet Weapon systemep Navyj ASW (Model); Submarines, research.
369. ASW ELECTRONIC MARINE MARKER SYSTEM. FIRST QUARTERLY PROGRESS
REPORT. (U.S. Navy, Naval Air Development Center, Report No.
AS-IQ, August 1960, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: ASW (Model)) Markers, Marine; Sonobuoys;
Submarines - Detection; Submarines - Acoustic Properties;
Measurements, Acoustical; c.r. HUGHES AIRC. CO. QPR-l-60.
370. ASW ELECTRONIC MARINE MARER SYSTEDI. QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT. (U. S.
Navy N.A.D.C., Report No. ASWM-2Q, November 1960, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: ASW (MODEL); c.r. HUGHES AIRC. CO. QPR-2-60;
Markers, Marine; Sonobdoys; Submarines - Detection; Submarinesacoustic properties; Measurements, Acoustical.
371. ASW ELCTRONIC MARINE MARKER SYSTEM, QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT. (U.S. Navy, N.A.D.C.*(&D Library), February 1961, Report No.
ASW-3Q, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: ASW (Model); Markers, Marine; Sonobuoys;
Submarines - Detection; Submarines - Acoustic Properties;
c.r. HUGHES AIRC. CO. QPR-3-60; Measurements, Acoustical.
*Naval Air Development Center
.372. TECHNICAL NOTE. SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR OBTAINING THE ACQUISITION
PROBABILITIES FOR AIR-AURCHED WEAPONS IN ASW ATTACK ANALYSES
(U). C. F. Warren. (Va S. Navy, Naval Air Development Center,
Report No,-W- I7 , 1 February 1961, CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: ASW (Mdel)j Weapon Delivery Systems;
Target Studienj Probability, hit; Probability, kill;
Submarines - Detectiol Submarines -- Vulnerability;
Helicopters, assault.
373- DESCRIPTIONS AND REQUIREENTS FOR THE SUBROC WEAPONS SYSTEM.
(U.S. Navy, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Report No. DR-IO0,
17 March 1958, SECRET)
Contents include: SUBROC (Model); Submarine systems.
374-. THE ASW FIELD. (U.S. Navy, IRa~a Ordnanice Test Station, Report NO. R-129-59o 31 March 1959j' WHOET)
Contents include: ASW (iModel); Su~bmarines -Detection;
Weapons, antisubmarine.
375- ON 15 MINUTES' NOTICE: HOW U&4 S& PLANS TO SThflGE BACK, (U. S. News
&World Report,, 29 August 1960j V. 53)
A quick, devastating 6oubterplunoh to any surprise attack from
Russia is being set up. U. S. weapons-land, sea# aik-.ill be pointed at Soviet targets, ready to fire on short notiae at a single command.
376. SUBMARINE TARGET STRENGTH VARIATLONS FOR MONOSTATIC AND BISTATIC
ECHO-RANGING GEOMETRIES. (Wtoodshole OCeanographic Institute,.
Report No. Ref. 60-24s, Janu~krY 1960t CONFIDENTIAL)
Contents include: Target Studies; GRENAIE~R (Model); Submarines -- Tracking; SUflEX (Model); Ranging Systemis;
Submarines -- Blast Effectal. Echoes, Radar*
SECTION D
Oceanography
377 .SMLL SCALE TURBULENCE IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE SEA ROUGH WITH FULLY
DEVELOPED WIND WAVES. S. A. Kitaiarodskii. (Akademija Nauk SSSR,
Institut Okeanologii, Trudy, Vol. 52, 1961, pp. 87-96)
378. INTERNATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC CONGRESS. HELD 31 AUGUST -
21 5EPTEI43ER 1959, WASHINGTON, D.C. (American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 1959.)
RCL: GC2/Am3i/B1l5475
379* OCEANOGRAPHY; INVITED LECTURES PRESENTED AT THE INTERATICKAL
OCEANOGRAPHIC CONGRESS HELD IN NEE' YORY , 31 AUGUST --
12 SEPT2mBER 1959. Mary Sears , ed. (American Association
for the Advancement of Snce, 1961, Pub. #67. $I_5.)
A/N Library, Downey: 551.46/Am3o/1959/B118997
380. EXPERIMENTAL TURBIDITY CURRENTS ON THE SEA FLOOR. E. C. fint-ni
(Aerioan Association o1 Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 45,
1 August 1961, pp. 1392-1400, Bibliog.)
381. WATER EDDY. FORCES ON OSCILLkTING CYLInDER3. A. D. K. Laird and others.
(American Society of Chemical Engincers Proceedings, Vol. 86,
November 1960, pp. 43-541 Bibliog.)
382. DEEP WATER WAVE GENTuLTIONS BY MOVING WIND SYSTENS. B. W. Wilson.
(American Society of Chemical Engineers Proceedings, Vol. 87,
May 1961, pp. 113-141, Bibliog.)
383. DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND STEERING OF SHIPS IN OBLIQUE WAVES.
B. V. Kv n a. (Amerioan Society of Naval Engineers
Journal, Vol. 73, August 1961, pp. 483-487, Bibliog.)
384. WATER WAVES. J.D. Pierson. (American Society of Naval Engineers
Journal, Vol. 73, Hay 1961, pp. 403-406)
385. NOVEL MARINE PROPULSION DEVICES. R. Taggart. (American Society
of Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 70, No* k, November 1958,
pp. 643-652; Vol. 71, No. 1, February 1959, pp. 31-42)
November 1958: Oscillating blades; propulsive methods
of fish; utilisation of wave and wind power. February 1959:
Unusual adaptations of screw propellers; mechanical propulsion for
swimmers; buoyant propulsion of ships; gas jet propulsion.
386. SUBh ATh -DRAULICS: DESICIGNG FOrn SAfJTY ):,D SILE;CE. (Ap'lied
Hydraulics & Pneumatics, Vol. 13, February 1960, pp. 62-65)
387. EXPLORATION SOURS-DARINE. Demitri Rebikoff. (B. Arthaud, Paris,
1952.)
Contents include: Oceanography; Underwater Studies;
Marine Studies.
RCLs GC57/R24e/RI574 -- $3.28
388. GENERAL ASSMBLY AT HELSINI(I, JIY-AUGUST 1960. (Association
D'Oceanographie Physique, Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag,
Goteborg, 1960.)
RCL: GC/ As7g/R833
Contents include: Oceanography.
389. OCEANOGRAPHY: ITS TOOLS, METHODS, RESOURCES, AND APPLICATIONS.
Vol. I. R.D. Terry, Autonetics, Research and Development
Center, Anaheim,i Clifornia. (To be published by 1963, by I Macmillan Co., New York; Vol. II is now in process)
This book by R.D. Terry is not only intended for industries,
in order to give them ideas on the value of the sea -- profit-wise --
but may be well used as a text book in schools for oceanography.
390. ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES IN OCEANOGRAPHY. M.J. Tucker. (British
IRE, Vol. 20, No. 12, December 1960, pp. 921-931)
General factors governing the design of electronic equipment for
oceanographic use, and the design of housings for withstanding high
pressures are discussed. Two wave recorders are described: a
shipborne wave recorder, agd an f.m. pressure gauge which has a
resolution of 1 part in 10 of full scale and which is suitable for
digital recording and analysis.
391. REPORT ON TULI !ONA'L IIS.ITUTF0 oF OCHIXTOCRPHY, 19L49/50.
National Oceanographic Council, Wormley, England (Surrey).
(Cambridge, University Press, Report ends March 31.
Report for 1949/50 issued by the National Institute of
Oceanography.)
RCL: GCI/N21a/
392. PROTECTION FOR UNDERIWATER INSTRUMENTS. H. E. Edgerton and L_._e . (Communication and Electronics, January 1961, pp. 689-694, Bibliog.)
393. THE STORY OF THE OCEANS. John Scott Douglas. (Dodd, Mead,
New York, 1952, 315 p.)
RCL: r,51/D74s
94. EXLOITING ME OCEANS: INWSTRr'S NEXT FRONTIER. (Dun's Review and
Modern Industry, Vol. 75, No. 2, February 1960, p. 55+)
395. LE BATHYSCAPHE. gesHouot and Pierre Willm. (Editions de Paris,
Paris, France, 5E1, 11, RCL: H81b)
Contents includet Submarines; Oceanography.
396. PREMIER DE PLONGEE. Commandant Le Prieur. (Editions France
Empire, Paris, France, 1956, $1.42.)
RCL:R1573; Gc57/L55p
Contents include: Oceanography; Submarines; Aviation.
397* OCEANOGRAY: ]IMN MUST. (Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 38, 18 September
1959, p. 18+)
Claims that warm water pockets and magnetic fields can conceal
sul.-rinos. Lists Soviet efforts.
398. NEW SONAR TIUER CHARTS OCEA; SUBBOTTOX. (Electronics, Vol. 34,
3 February 1961, p. 56-57)
399, TELET AUTOKATES OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH. M McGraw-Hill
News. (BlectrouicLs, 22 September 1961, pp. 22-23)
Automted oceanic research project gets underway this month off the
coast of Florida. Its sponsors at Texas AM College hope the project
may lead to the utlf of Mexico becoming a huge oceanic laboratory.
400. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH SUI3ARINE OF ALUMINUM FOR OPERATION
TO l5,OOO 7T. (Engineer, Vol. 209, April 15s, 1960, pp. 642-643)
401. POLIRIS-DESTROYER FROM TIE DEP. (Flight, Vol. 78, No. 2680,
22 July 1960, pp. 115-119; Vol. 78, No. 2681, 29 July 1960,
pp. 147-150)
Operational requirements of submarine-launched ballistic missiles
are described; early United States development and firing techniques;
shipboard environment; launching procedure; Polaris timetable.
July 29: Tests carried out since 1957; hydrodynamic I.erfornance;
recovery techniques.
402. MOLECULAR PHYSICS OF THE SEA. PART VIII, SECTION 10-17. V. V. SQ-evk n
(Fisika Morya, 3d d.d 1953, pp. 786-819) (HDL Translation 797,
1960, 40 p., 12 refs.) (Order from OTS, 60-21588, $1.25)
The topics included hero are entitled: (1) surface active films on
the sea, (2) some properties of surface films, (3) a critique of the
hypothesis suggested to explain the damping of waves by oil, (4) the
absorption of energy in the surface film, (5) the mechanism of damping
of waves by active films, (6) the damping of small waves, (7) the speed with which films spread over the surface of water, and (8) the removal
of films under the action of the wind.
4 03. MIDDLE AIERICAN TRENCH: ToI0C'JTXY A.iD STRUCTIm E. R. L. Fisher and
Go G, Shor. Jr. (Geological Society Bulletin, Vol. 72, Fay 1961,
pp. 703-729, Bibliog.)
4o4. POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF WAVE MOTION, SUBMARINE ROLL ANGLE, AND RELATIVE
CROSS-FLOW VELOCITIES. CRUISE II. Uss REDFIN (SS-22).
P, S. DeLeonibus. (Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C., Technical Report No. -TR-00, February 1961, 61 p., 12 refs.) AD-252 717
This publication presents a discussion of digital and analog recordings of surface wave motion and ship and fluid motions, respectively.
These recordings were made while a submarine was hovering at different
relative headings. Results of power spectral analysis of resultant data
are given.
405. PINGERS AND THUMPERS ADVANCE DEEP-SEA EXPLORATION. J. B. Herey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, H. E. Edgerton,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, S,,O. amond and
Go Hayard, Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grief, ;ncorporated,
Bton, (ISA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1961, pp. 72-
77, Bibliography)
Since sound is the only radiation that will penetrate more than
a few hundred feet of water, oceanographic instruments must use
sound as their medium for distance measurement, location of
objects, surfaces and interfaces, and ewen for data transmission.
Two new sonic transducers -- a pinger and a thumper -- provide
much increased accuracy to underwater exploration.
406. UNDERWATER INSTRUMENTATION, PREPRINTS ON. (Presented at 15th
Annual Instrument Automation Conference and Exhibit - 26-30 September 1960, New York City, $8.00 -- Instrument
Society of America.)
Contents include: Instrumentation Underwater; Oceanography.
RCLt QC53/In7u/ 1960/ R1700
407. FPLORING SUBSURFACE WAVES WITH i LEUTRALLY BUOYANT FLOATS. T. E. Pcha g . (ISA Journal, Vol. 8, October 1961, pp. 34-37)
408. APPARATUS AND METHODS OF OCEANOGRAPHY. Harold Barnes. (Intersciende Publisb ", New York, 1959, Includes bibliographies.)
Contents includes Oceanography; Mariner biology; and Part Is
Chemical.
RCL, QCII/B26a
409. MARINE GEOLOGY. H. Kuenen. (John Wiley & 3ons, Inc.,
New York, 1950.)
Con~ents include: Geology, marine; Oceanography, physical;
Marine geology.
RCL: GC57/K95m/R366 -- $9.50
10. THE EARTH BENEATH THE SEA. Francis Parker Shepard. (Johns
Hopkins Press, 1959, Baltimore, 275 p., bibliography included)
Contents include: Submarine geology.
R&D Library: QE33/Shhe
41. NEW PRODUCTS AND DEVELOPMENTS: (REMOTE) UNDERWATER VEHICLE. (Journal of the Society of Notion Picture and Television Engineers, Vol. 70, January 1961, p. 70)
A composite unit for underwater exploration consists of a 4-
vidicon assembly; remote-controlled, steel-housed cameras; and enclosed
mercury-vapor lamps capable of illuminating a distance of about 30
ft. The unit moves over the ocean floor, at depths down to 20,000 ft.,
at a speed of about 3 miles per hour. Signals from the cameras are
relayed to a land-based monitoring and control station by means of
a lightweight coaxial cable 5 miles long.
412. A LA RECHERCHE DU MOND, MARIN, Pierre De Latil and Jean Rivoire.
(Librairie Plon, Paris, 1954, $2.0h)
Contents include: Oceanography; Underwater Studies.
RCL: GCII/D37r/RI572
413. VASTNESS OF THE SEA: ADVENTURE IN THE M"YSTERIOUS DEPTHS. Bernard Gorsky.
Translated from the French by Alec Brown (Little, Brown,
Boston, 1957, Ist Ameritan edition, 305 p.)
Contents include: Moana (Cutter); Marine fauna; Diving,
Stibmarine; Ocean.
RCL: QH91/G68v
414- AUMUI4NAUT, DESIGN FOR U !,ILES ,EE DOV.V1: ALUIND. SUBL::JE. (Machine
Design, Vol. 32, 21 July 1960, pp. 24-25)
415. UNDERSEA RESEARCH. (News Iteh in Machine Design, 12 October 1961, p. 31)
Undersea research-to 6000 ft-can be carried out in the two-man
Seapup VI designed by General Mills Inc., Minneapolis. The vehicle
weighs only 12,600 lb, is less than 19 ft long and 8 ft wide. A
mechanical arm performs tafks while the Seapup hovers or rests on
skis on the ocean floor.
416. OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE BIOLOGY; A BOOK OF TECIHNIQUES.
Harold Barnesi (Macmillan, New York, 1959, 218 p.,
Bibliography: pp. 204-213.)
Contents include: Oceanography; Marine biology.
RCL GC57/B26o/R752
417. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH: $650 MILLION PROGRAM RECOIXENDED.
UM les D1. WheehOk, U6 S. Navy, retired. (Marine Engineering/
Log, Vol. 65, No. 8, July 1960t pp. 53-57)
Current proposals for increases in ocean research activities
would require 40 new vese2, cost $65 million annually, for next
10 years-four times the oufent rate of expenditure.
418. MV ACONA: FLOATING LABORATORY FOR OCEA4 RESEARCH. (larine Engineering/
Log, Vol. 66, May 19611 p4 68)
419. "DRACONE" FLEXIBLE BARGES. H. W. Hall, Ministry of Supply, London,
England. (Mechanical Engineering, July 1961, pp. 43-46, 6 refs.)
This nonrigid, ocean-going container for oil is called "Dracone"
because of its similarity to a serpent (Greek-drakon). Forty-toncapacity units have been built and are undergoig tests.
420. SEA LAUNCH: INDUSTRY VIEW. (Missiles and Rockets, News Item,
5 June 1961, p. 9)
Despite the indifference of NASA and the Air Force, rocket
industry executives feel the country eventually will come
around to using sea launch techniques for big booster -- both
liquid and solid. Sea launch, they point out, could be a way of
expediting the space program by bypassing the need for
special handling and launch equipment. Some people think the
only Air Force objection is that the Navy would be in on the
scheme.
421. UNDERWATER "JEEP" ACQUIRED BY LORAL. (News Item from Missiles &
Rockets, 28 August 1961, p. 21)
With the addition of Dr. Dilaitri Rebikoff to its staff, Loral
Electronics Corporation has acquired rights to the T-4--an underwater vehicle which is termed the "Jeep of the deep." Fabricated
of corrosion-proof, lightweight aluminum and equipped with a control
system enabling it to dive, loop, climb, and roll under water, the
craft is one 9 1/2 ft. long, less than a foot wide, and weighs only
180 lbs., fully equipped. The T-14, which operates at a constant
speed of 3 knots for up to 2 hours at depths down to 230 ft., is
designed for oceanographic research.
422. AEROJET IGNITES LIQUID SUSTAINER IN UNDERWATER TEST. (Missiles and
Rockets, 28 August 1961, p. 28)
Using a water-filled, 25-ft. deep flame bucket, Aerojet-General
engineers earlier this month successfully ignited a liquid-fueled
Aerobes Junior sustainer in a captive test underwater. The umbilical
connection was at the top of the rocket and out of the water at
ignition. In the photo sequence here, the umbilical has dropped
away a split-second after firing and the rocket is starting to rise.
First the fins, then the whole rocket breaks clear of the water as
it rises on 30-ft. shock cables. Aerojet said the test showed the
feasibility of underwater launch of liquid-fueled rockets, which is
contemplated under the Navy's Project HYDRA concept.
423. NEW OCEANOGRAPHIC SUB SCHEDULG s (Ne. item from Missiles and Rockets, Vol. 9, No. 14, 2 October 1961, p. 9)
General Dynamics' Elect'e Boat Division will build Alusimut, an
oeanog ahic research su-m e desigWd to operate at depths of
15,000 ft., for Reynolda Itft ati~atl at a price of $2 million. Fifty
feet long and with an operating range of 80 vile, it is the first sub
ever to be built of aliNmS, lainch date: 1963,
NAVY T 2IDS PERT TO PROGRA COST. is (Missiles 9nd Rockets,
4A, NAVY .....14 PETT G.11II ...... RG IU
15 January 1962, p. 16)
Polaris-proven computerized technique, in pilot-testine at GE and
Lockheed, should avert some old misconceptions.
425, U. S. SEEKS OCEANOGRAPkM INSTRUMENTS. W. (Missiles and
Rockets, 28 August 1961, p, 22+)
Industry told it must tufn out iftexpensive, rugged and accurate
devices to support expanditi effort: Navy to buy $46 million worth,
426, SPAR HERALDS N ER A IN OCEANOGR.APHIC INSTRIENTATION. Ylamb2Ja.,
(Missiles and Rockets, 30 Ootober 1961, pp. 22-23)
Navy's million-dollar tube will be used for unmanned acoustic
research; more stable than s~bmarine, 350-ft. vessel will operate
with 86% of its length submerad.
427 SYSTM YIELD FINE SEA-fLOOR 4AiS# Vila elr (Missiles and
Rockets, Vol. 10, NO. 4, P Jnuary 1962, pp. '4-2 )
A recent advance in undefater photography may lead to largescale "aerial" surveys of the sea bottom by ship-mounted or shiptowed cameras.
The new technique produces color stereoscopic pictures that are
turned into topographioal maps of micro-areas of the ocean floor.
These maps give remarkable delinatiots of the character of the
floor, whieh become valftble data in a "sonar bounce" system used
to detect submarines.
Oceanographers also slO high falue in it for tracing the flow of
ocean currents, learning the geblO*6 of the ocean bottom, and studying
the sea's organisms,
428. 'THE TWINS'-N IOST HOSPITA3BLE OF OUTER PLA1METS? Robert L. F rwuard.
(M ,siles and Rockets, Vol. 10, No. 4, 22 January 1962, pp. 35-36+)
This is the third in a series of articles discussing the possibilities for probes and manned travel to the other planets of our solar
system. Earlier articles covered Jupiter and Saturn.
The author, Robert L. Forward, is i ITughes Research Laboratories
physicist pursuing advance! studies at the University of ?&ryland.
He has published numerous papers.
The next article in the series wil examine the problems involved
in exploring Pulto.
429. WEIRD 'FLIP' VESSEL DESIGNED TO YIELD BREAKTHROUGHS. B.
(Missiles and Rockets, 3 July 1961, pp. 38-39)
Research ship, longer than football field, will go to sea in
horizontal position, switch to vertical to provide highly stable
platform for submarine equipment.
430. NAVY USES UNDERWATER TV TO STUDY OCEAN BOTTOM. (Naval Research
Reviews, November 1959, p. 30)
Underwater television equipment for deep-water surveys has
been successfully employed by the Navy6 The television system,
built for the Navy's Bureau of Ships, was used recently in
ocean-bottom surveys at depths of more than 600 feet. This is the
first time that a continuous, remotely controlled, visual survey
has been achieved at such depths.
Primarily designed for salvage and search operations, the
vehicle is equippe,' with a closed-circuit television system, an
underwater lighting system, and a movable camera-housing capable
of training 70 degrees in any direction. The camera and its
self-proelled unit are remotely controlled by means of a multiconductor cable from a control vessel. The propulsion system
enables the underwater vehicle to hover at any desired depth in
currents and tides of several knots, assuring optimum use
under varying conditions.
If fitted with suitable appendages, the vehicle could
collect samples and specimens from the ocean floor and rebrieve
sunken objects.
431. ASPECTS OF DEEP-SEA RESEARQHj PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON;
HELD IN WASHINGTON, DOi 29 FEBRUARY - I MARCH 1956.
(National Academy of SCiences - National Research Council,
Washington, D.C., 1957)
Contents includel OOeanogi'aphyj Sea, Deep -- Research
Oceans, Depths. Pablicatibn #V3,; Villiam S, von Arx, ed.
RCL: C069/N 21a/ R1471, $1.75
432. OCEANOGRAPHY 1960-1970. (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1959)
Contents: I. Introduction and Sumary of Recommendations. II. Basic
Research in Oceanography Wring the Next Ten Years. III. Ocean Resources.
V. Artificial Radioactivity in the Marine Environment. VI. Now Research
Ships. VII. Engineering Nees for Ocean Exploration. VIII. Education
and Manpower. X. International Cooperation. XII. Marine Sciences in the
United States-1958.
433- OCEANRAPHY 1960 TO 19706 I-INTRODUCTION AND SU)MARY OF RECOMMENATIONS.
(National Academ of Sci~nebs National Research Council, Washington,
D.C., 1959, 33 p6)
Contents: General Recomendationa; Specific Recommendations;
Education and Manpdwerj Nde Ships) Shore Facilities for Basic Research;
Ocean-Wide Surveys; Engineering Needs; Radioactivity; Ocean Resources;
International Cooperationj Budget and Operations; Membership of Panels.
434. OCEANOGRAPHY 1960 ?O 1970& 2 -- BASIC RESEARCH IN OCEANOGRAPHY
DURING THE NEXT TEN YEARS. (National Academy of Sciences, National
Research Council, Washington, D C., 1959, Chapter of a report
in progress by the Cormittee on Oceanography, 21 p.)
Contents: Conditions Necessary for Basic Research in the
Marine Sciences; Fields of Basic Research in Oceanography;
History of the Oceans; The Ways of Life in the Sea; The Motions
of the Waters; Ocean-Atmosphere Relationships; Estuaries and
Coastal Waters; All kvAmple of the Application of Basic
Research -- ForscaitiAg Oceanographic Parameters; The Financial
Support for Basic Weaearch.
435. OCE"A PHY 1960 TO 1970. h--OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH FOR DEFENSE
APPLICATION. (National Academy of Sciences, National Research
Council) Washington) D. C., 1960# 15 p.)
Contents: Naval Oceanography During World War II; Navy Uses of
Oceanographic Information: Design, Testing, Operational Use of Equip- ment, Forecasting; Support of Oceanographic Institutions; Support of
Navy Laboratories and the Hydrographic Office; Systematic Observations
and Collection of Data; Equipment, Devices, Manpower, and Funds;
Future Prospects; Recommendations.
436. OCEANOAPHY 1960 TO 1970. 5--ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY IN THE MARINE
ENVRONMEI (National Academy of Sciences, National Research
Council, Washington, D. C.,1959, 31 p.)
Contents: Control and Monitoring; Research Needs; Coastal and
Estuarine Environment; The Open Ocean; Sedimentation Processes;
Effects of the Biosphere on the Distribution and Circulation of
Radioisotopes in the Sea; Effects of Radiation Upon Marine Organisms;
Field Experiments Utillting Ridioisotopes; Possible Effects of a
Nuclear War on the Marine Envirorment 4
437. OCEAOGRAPHY 1960 TO 1970. 7-ENGINEERING NEEDS FOR OCEAi EXPLORATION.
(National Academy of Sciences, National 1
hesearch Council, Washington#
D. C., 1959, 22 p.)
Contents: Deep Manned Vehicles; Large Planned Buoys; Unmanned
Buoys; Use of Aircraft in Oceanography; Other Specialized Research
Vehicles; Developient of New Instruments; Specialized Survey Instrumentsl High Seas Engineering; Major Laboratory Equipment,
438. OCEANOGRAPHY 1960 TO 1970. 12. - MARINE SCIENCES IN THE
UNITED STATES-1958, (National Academy of Sciences, National
Research Council, Washington, D. C., 1959, 8 p.)
Contentst Financial Support; Personnel Engaged in
Oceanographic Work' Government Laboratories; Comparison
of Laboratories; Gro~th of Oceanography.
439. OCEANOGRAPHY 1960 TO 1970. PART VII- ENGINEERING NEEDS FOR
OCEAN EXPLORATION. (National Research Council, Report No.
R-59-J-26E (Pt. 7), 1959, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: Oceanography; Marine sciences; Bathyscaphs;
SubmArines, research; Engineering, marine; co.r. NAS R-59-J-26E
(Pt, 7)
440. HYDRA PROGRAM. UNDERWATER EXPLOSION BUBBLE'S TINE HISTORY.
M. Kaltwasser. (Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory,
San Francise Report No. 14RDL-TR-513, 2 June 1961, 21 p.)
AD-260 391
A brief description of the physical phenomena - gas bubble,
shock wave, and water flow - arising from an underwater spherical
chemical detonation, along with a critique of past work on the
subject is presented. Assuming a non-steady, irrotational,
compressible, unbounded water flow in a zero gravitational field,
and using appropriate fluid dynamic and certain assumed thermodynamic relations, the exact equation for the water potential
function F is derived. The general solution, F(r, t) is
discussed, and two particular solutions, with boundary
conditions applied, are presented for the bubble radius a(t)
up to the time of first maximum radius.
441. TRIESTE TO DEEPER WATERS OFF NRIANAS. (Naval Research Reviews,
November 1959, p, 2)
The Navy will send its deep-sea diving sphere, TRIESTE (Research
Reviews, April 1951), on a 3-month series of explorations off the
Mariana& Islands in early November, Pacific Fleet Headquarters has
announce,
A team of civilian scientists and naval personnel from the
Naval Electronics Laboratory, San Diego, will use the bathyscaph
TRIESTE for tests to gather scientific data ih waters deeper than
those available near the continental shelf adjacent to the United
States.
The tests will be conducted under the joint sponsorship of the
Naval Electronics Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. The
explorations will be part of the global long-term oceanographic and
marine researoh program pursued by the Navy. Headquarters for the
projedt will be at the Naval Station on Guam.
The bathyscaph is capable of operating under its own power and of
descending 20,000 feet. The craft designed and built by Aguste and
Jacques Piocard, Swiss-born father-and-son team, and was delivered
to the Navy in August 1958.
442. NATURAL RESOURCES OF TIM SEA. Louis S. Kornicker. Office of Naval Research, Chicago, Illinois. (Naval Research Reviews, 1960, pp. 1-9)
The oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's surface, yet in
many respects we know less about this "inner space" than we do about
outer space. Our ever-expanding economy and exploding world population lends an increasing urgency to the development of the oceans as a source
of minerals, fuels, and protein foods. A brief look at the ocean reveals
that it is truly a storehouse, for dissolved in a cubic mile of sea water
is an average of 165,000 short tons of chemicals in the form of salts,
besides the many thousands of species of plants and animals that live and
die within its bounds. And the strata under the seas contain an estimated
40 percent of the world's total oil reserves. The commercial application
of scientific results will eventually lead to development of the sea's
natural resources so that they will provide maximum benefit to mankind.
Toward this end, the Navy plays a large role in the development of the
marine sciences in the United States.
443. UNDERWATER SOU1 RWFERENCE LABORATORY. John M. Taylor. Jr., Underwater
Sound Reference Laboratory. (Naval Research Reviews, 1959, pp. 16-21)
Our Navy's modern sonar devices are vastly different from the crude
apparatus first used to listen to underwater sounds. One of the earliest
means of detecting unseen ships at sea was by listening through tubes
fastened in a giant stethoscope-like arrangement to watertight blisters
below the waterline on the hull of a ship. This early technique relied
entirely on the sounds made by ships themselves as they moved through
the water and on the sensitivity of the human ear to detect the sounds.
44 4 UNDER THE DEEP OCEAIS; TV ENTIETH CENTURY VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY.
Thomas Frohock Gaskell, (Norton Publishing Co., New York,
1960, 239 P.)
Contents include: Ocean bottom; Deep-sea sounding; Challenger
(Steamship)
RCLEt GC57/G21u/R791
1445. INTERNAL WAVES IN THE OPEN OCEAN. -Masashi Yasui aa Meteorological Agencyb (oengahca aais Vol. 10,0 No. 2, December 1958, PP. 227-234, 114 refs.)
Besides intrinsic interest, studies of internal waves are also
very important to formulate results of oceanographic observations.
The author wishes to analyze and discuss the results of continuous obsetvati~fit taken in the upper 250 m layer of the Oyashio area) off the coast of Japan,
446. OCWWOQUPK IN NATO. JAUt9 0. Tbmtsig. (Office of Haval Research, London, Noahnical Report Noe. 0NRL149-61t 5 JUne 1961P 13 p-) A"O25 150
No automatic release to Porsign, Nationals.
4i47, THE ZA F.D._ _gqtrnOZ. (oxford University Press, Toronto.$
Contents includes Oceanography
RCLt GO57/Ci5o/R796 - $l.4o
1448. pETICAL QOANOUAMB. iiWtovt (Pergsmon Pressg New 'forkt
Involves jyiysioal oomen8gftpby only, the scientific progress Of whieii has b~ee 6ape"iallyr fast during the last fifty years owing to
technicdalprovmigt of thb working sethods used on oceanogiephic Iesazth vessels and ilso to the extensive wideninsg of o~r *yical and ch..ioal views &bout the phenosisa ocuraring in the sa.
440. SURFACE WAICE OF SUBM.EGED SIM1E. 9,&kt (1mysics of Fluids#
Vol. 1, No. 6, November-Dooember 1958,# pp. 457-461)
Surface ,,,ake of submerged sphere moving in semi-infinite liquid with free surface is approximately same as that acused by traveling
pressure disturbance in atmosphere above free surfacet calculation
of wake involves distinction between incoming and outgoing wavee,
introduced in Fourier transform of solution*
450. THE OCEANS, THEIR PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ANDI GENERAL BIOLOGY.
H.U. Sverdruj Martin W. Johnson and Richard H. Fleming*
kPrentice-Hall, Inc., Englewoodliffs, N.J., 1942, $20.O0)
Contents include: Oceanography; Physics, Oceanographic;
Chemistr-y, Oceanographic; Biology, Oceanographic; Marine
Sciences.
A/N Library: 551.46/Sv2o/ B16994
451. MARINE PRODUCTS OF CO I ERCS; THEIR ACQUISITION, HANDLING,
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS, AND T1E SCIiNCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF
THEIR PREPARATION AND PRESERVATICN. Donald K. Tressler and
James McW. Lemon in collaboration with Alexander E. Alexander,
and others. (Reinhold Publishing Company, Book Division,
New York, 1951, 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Includes
bibliographies.)
RCL: SH335/T72m
452. THE ATMOSPHERE AND 'rflHf SEA IN MOTION. Bert Bolin. (The Rockefeller
Institute Press, New York, 1959, @15.00.)
Contents include: Meteorology, Marine; Atmosphere - Studies;
Oceanography.
RCL: QC994/B63a/R740
453. SOUS-KLARIN. ENCYCLOPEDIE PRISYP DU MONDE. (Paris-16e, 26,
Rue Desbordes-Valmore, Les Editions Prisma, 1957.)
Contents: Marine Life; Oceanography -- Encyclopedias.
RCL: GC9/Enle/Rl576 -- $739
454. DEEP-SE FRIEE INSTRUMENT VEHICLE. (Deep Sea Research, 1960, Vol. 7,
pp. 61-67, Pergamon Press, Ltd., London, Printed in Great Britain)
also (Scripps Institution of Oceanography Contributions, New Series,
1194, 1960, pp. 775-781)
A number of free instrument vehicles have been designed and tested.
These are simple, reliable, inexpensive devices that transport recording instruments or sampling equipment to the deep-sea bottom, or to
intermediate depth, and return them to the surface. Vehicles are
provided with radar reflectors and other location devices. In the
first tests the vehicles bore fish traps and were successfully
operated to 2,000 fathoms.
Other instruments designed to make use of the free vehicles unique
capabilities are under development,
455. NOMENCLATURE FOR TREATING THE MOTION OF A SUEMERGED BODY THROUGH
A FLUID. (The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,
New York, T. and R. Bulletin No. 1-5, April 1950, 15 p.)
Report of the American Towing Tank Conference prepared by
the Hydromechanics Subcommittee of the Technical and Research
Committee of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.
456. ExPENDABLE SONOBUOY DESIGNED FOR LOW COST PRODUCTION. Victor do Biasi,
assoc, ed. (Space/Aeronautics, March 1960, pp. 61-63)
Several thousand AN/SSQ-23 sonobuoys are being built for operational training and use. Fabrication and assembly costs were of
paramount importance in the production design. Developed by the
Hazeltine Corporation, Little Neck# New York, the AN/SSQ-23 is
36-1/8 in. long, 4-7/8 in6 in diameter, and weighs close to 18 lb.
It can be launched from aircraft flying at speeds up to 250 knots
at 500 ft altitude. An auto-rotating blade head slows down and
strightens out the descent, so that the sonobuoy hits the wAter
at a 90-deg attitude within 9-11 seconds of release. A trigger plate
at the bottom of the housing absorbs the shock of the water impact
(up to 200 Gs), triggers the rotating-head jettison, and then drops
free of the housing and sinks into the water, followed by the
unwinding cable and hydrOhone, A scuttling plug after one hour
allows the buoy slowly t6 fill with water. The buoy then sinks, and
the transmission frequency is kept open for new data,.
457. DETECTION AND COFIfiUNICATIONS, J. Holaha n (Space/Aeronautics,
Vol. 33, January 1960, pp. 58-63)
458. UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEMS. R.M. Loebelson and others. (Space/Aeronautics,
Vol. 33, January 1960, pp. 39+)
459. U. S. NAVY UNDERWATER SOUND LABORATORY. Burton H. Andrews, USN.
(Sperryscope, 1961, pp. 7-11)
At the U. S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory in New London,
Connecticut, task forces of scientists, engineers, and technicians
conduct a vital program of research and development in the area of
undersea warfare. Now in its twentieth year, USL has provided
the operating forces with an uniterrupted flow of highly successful
electronic developments, each of which has made its mark on some
phase of the Navy's tactical and strategic missions. In the area
of submarine operations alone, it would be virtually impossible to
point to a single major sonar system which did not have its origin
at USL.
460. "UNDER!L .ATELLITES". (News Item from Undersea Technology,
Nover: '.r/December 1961, p. 16)
A series of "underseas satellites" is scheduled to be strung
between Hawaii and California next year in an effort to help explore
the uncharted oceans. Walter Punk of the Scripps Oceanographic
Institution hopes to launch the project with basketball-size
"satellites", each containing a gauge to measure the tides, a
seismometer, and a transmitter.
461. OCEANOGRaPHIC SYMPOSIIT31. PART II. (Undersea Technologyj Vol. 2, No. 6,
November/December 1961, pp. 34-35)
During the two hectic days of the first Government-Industry
Oceanographic symposium, there w;ere 24 talks made before some 700
representatives of industry. Concerned entirely with instrumentation,
they discussed the drastic need for instrumentation improvement. It
would take several hundred pages to give descriptions and specifications
of all the required instruments, but a coverage of some will give the
general idea.
The U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office has compiled a list of instruments and systems required for three types of ships that perform oceanographic operations. These ships are: Survey Ships, Regional and
Mobile Observational Ships (ASWEPS), and Ships-Of-Opportunity.
462. THE PRESSURE BARRIER: MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES STRESS R&D. Seabr.
(Undersea Technology, Vol, 2, No. 2, May-June 1961, pp.
Concurrently with their creeping assault on the depths, Navy Bureau
of Ships, Office of Naval Research, and Bureau of Weapons are trying
to leapfrog the pressure barrier-ideally with a submarine which will
be as at home on the floor of the oceans' deepest trench as it is ducking back and forth through the thermocline. However, Navy will be happy
if, within the proximate future, it can come up with a fleet of vessels
with a maxim depth limit tion of on the order of 10,000 feet. Some of
the problems that ist be solved before this goal can be realized are
discussed in this article.
463. PORPOISE AIDS RESEARCH. I. Rehman. U.S. Naval Ordnance Test
Station, China Lake, and University of Southern California,
School of Medicine, Los Angeles# (Undersea Technology, Vol. 2,
No. 6, November/December 1961, pp. 36-39, 9 refs.)
New concepts of speed and noise in underwater weapon
development have caused the Navy to take a hard look at sea animal
locomotion. The dolphin, for example, has been credited with speeds
up to 25 and )0 knots by people on board fast moving ships. An
analysis of torpedoes of the same size and estimated power shows that
they would travel less than half this speed, indicating that the porpoise on an order of ten times more efficient. Less spectacular
but more reliable is Professor Gray's (7) report of an average
speed of 20 knots for porpoise. But even this figure indicates that
the power or the drag of the animal deviates from the expected.
That the porpoise has a remarkable performance is clearly indicated
by feats such as these obtained at Marineland of the Pacific.
464. UNDERWATER R ,OTE PROGRAIIIING. George B, Schick and John D. Isaacs,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography. (Undersea Technology, Vol. 2,
No. 6, November/December 1961, pp. 29-32, 4 refs.)
Man's desire to penetrate the depths of the sea has led to development of many ingeneous devices to perform mechanical operations in
that remote environment. As long as sampling and measuring gear were
lowered into the sea oA cables, reversal of thermometers and closing
of nets and water samplers could be accomplished by a messengertripping system. The messenger "switch", however, esnentially a
single-channel pulse-type control system is quite limP ed as to the
complexity of operations that it can perform. A messenger system
capable of controlirg more thAn one instrument is cumbersome, and one
capable of delivering two separate signals to more than one instrument
becomes most complicated and unreliable. To perform more sophisticated
operations in the sea, electrical hoisting cnbles were developed; but
due to the many problems associated with electrical controls of
instruments, electrical cables and the necessary winches are not yet
in general use on oceanographic vessels.
465. OCEANIC TELEVXTRY. James KL-odgrass, Scripps Institute of 0ceanography.
(Undersea Technology, Vol, 2, No. 6# November/December 1961, pp 40-42)
Communication, in one form or another, is inextricably linked
with oceanographic research. Unfortunately, it has only been recently
that the oceanographer has become aware of his needs which involve
world-wide requirements.
466. UNDERWATER NOISE CRITERIA TIE KAN-4ACHINE TEAK. Robert Tax-art,
Robert Taggart, Inc. (TTn4frtea Technology, Vol. 2, ro. 6,
November/December 1961, pp. 26-28)
To establish a true goal for underwater listening it would be
desirable that the radiated noise of a submarine be reduced far enough
below the masking noise of sea-state zero so that it could not be
heard at a reasonable distance. Similarly it would be desirable to
have self-noise reduced to the point where the sonar operator could
not hear it above the sea noise.
467. ASW, USW AND OCEANOGRAPHY ANALYSIS. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1,
January 1961, pp. 32-35)
The following short articles are included: '60 Systems Development
Improved ASW Prowess; Hydrodynamic Research Was Fruitful in 1960; Sound
Propagation Study Poses a 1961 Challenge; Hopes Held for Awareness of
Undersea Potential; 1961 ib Crucial Year for ASW Field Growth; A Prime
UE Need is Accurate InstruMentationi Oceanography Stimulates Congressional
Interest.
468* PRESSURE TESTING FACILITY PRODUCED INEXPENSIVELY FROM 16-INCH NAVAL
SHELLS. Harold E. d aert, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
and Lloyd D. Hoadhav, WoodS Hole Oceanographic Institution.
(Underwater Engineering, Mardh/April 1961, pp. 29-30)
Underwater engineering is primarily a science. As an applied
technology it is in its infiAny. Few of the tools long taken for
granted in the old technol6gies yet exist in oceanography and
undersea technolog, And th6ie that do exist for detailed study
of the oceans, enViroinmental simulati~, etc., are more often than
not very costly. This artidle provide* a valuable lesson in how to
make do within the limits Of available hardware and limited funds.
469. OCEANXRAPIIY CFHALLENGE. E. E3 lalmos. Jr (Underwater Engineering, lFlfs/5
Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51-53)
Yes, the world's oceans are more than highways for commerce,
more than hiding places for attacking or defending warships. They
are also the source of enormous (uantities of food, energy and
materials that will become increasingly important as world populations
increase, and Man continues to deplete the limited resources of his
land areas.
At the moment, the United States seems to have at least a slight
lead in this area-largely due to the efforts of the U. S. Navy and
other government (and commercil) interei:ts. But the So'7iets sre
pulling up fast enough to have caused grave concern among those
who realize the importance of such study.
470. UNDERWATER FIRE CONTROL. Seebrooh Hull. (Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 2, No. 2, March/Apri! 1961, pp. 23-25)
Gear must be lighter, more compact and not preempt command
decisions.
471. ALL-OUT OCEANOGRIPItY PROGRAM VITAL TO OUR SECURITY. INTERVIEW.
Warren G. 11anuson, (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 55-58)
The following questions are discussed: What is the basic reason
for S. 2692, the Marine Sciences and Research Act? Marine scientists
charge that we have a 25-year replacement program which must reach
fulfillment in the next ten years. Do you think that time may run
out on us? Government activity is directly linked to the national
economy, What are the economic benefits to be reaped from a positive
conclusion to your measure? Does S. 2692 create further proliferation
among Federal agencies? Is the Office of Naval Research getting a
sufficient share of the Navy dollar to do the comples oceanographic
research required in this age of nuclear submarines and possible
underwater warfare? Why, in your view, has the Soviet Union
undertaken a crash program in oceanography?
472. VALUE OF SEISMIC RECORDINGS. George M. Pavey. Jr., Seismic Engineering Company, Dallas, Texas. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp. 31-33)
Underwater seismic explorations of tideland areas in many parts
of the world are conducted from a single boat which carries all
instrumentation necessary for detecting an~d recording seismic signals
and for electronically surveying the area studied. All exploration
is conducted while the ship is navigated on a steady course at a
constant speed of several knots.
Depths from three to 100 fathoms are explored at distances up to
150 miles from shore. The ship carrying the gear is equipped to
accommodate a crew for at least lOdays at sea.
473. REFERENCES ON THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE WESTFRN PACIFIC
OCEAN. Hydrographic Office, ashington, D.C. (United
States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1953.)
Contents include: Pacific Ocean,Oceanography; Oceanography,
physical.
RCL: GC771/H99r/R639 -- $2.40
474. TIH APPLICATION OF OCEAHOGRAPiIY TO SUBSURFACE WARFARE. (U.S.N.tn. C.9*
Div. 6, March 191I, UNCLASSIFIED)
Contents include: Oceanography; Acoustics, Underwater;
Sound, Underwater -- Transmission; Water, Sea -- Studies;
Submarines -- Diving.
*U.S. Naval Air Development Center
475. ARCTIC OCEANOGRAigY BY SUBLARINES. E. C. LaFond, U. S. Navy Electronics
Laboratory, San Diego, California. (U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings,
Vol. 86, No. 9, September 1960, pp. 90-96)
The USS SKATE, surfaced in a polynya, carried the author as ChiefScientist on her 1958 cruise to the North Pole. The work in arctic
oceanography being conducted in nuclear-powered submarines of the
U. S. Navy carries forward the dreams and plans of the late Sir
Hubert Wilkins, With a World War I surplus submarine, renamed
NAUTILUS, he reached a point only 300 miles from the Pole in 1931,
operating on the -urface.
4~76. OCEANOGRAPHY: THE NEED AND THE PROM4ISE. Everett S. Allen.
Asst. ed., Standard-Times, New Bedford, Massachustts.
(United States Naval Institute Proceedinga, January 1961,
Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 76-8))
In all-out war, the sea's depths would be the most effective place
to conceal both offensive and defensive action. In the Cold Warp
the potential of the ocean as a provider of fuelp minerals, and
food may be a key factor in tipping the balance of world power.
The author of this article is concern~ed, therefore, that Russia
operates twice as many oceaographic ships and ten times as 'many Arctic research stations to does the United States.
477. WIND WAVES AT SEA BREAKERS AND SURF. HenrF B. Bigelow and
W.T. Edmondson. (U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington,
Contents includet Oceanography; Hydrography; and
Waves, Ocean.
A/N Library: 551-46/B48w/Bl8433
478. PRACTICAL METHODS FOR OBSERVING AN,-D FORECASTING OCEAN WAVES
BY MEANS OF WAVE SPECTRA AND STATISTICS. Wllard J. Pierson, Jr.,
Gerhard Neumann, and i.chard W, James. (Department of the
Navy Hydrograpbh c Offt~-90 -53-67-)
A/N Library; 551l.6/H99p/Bl8546
Contents include: Oceanography; Waves, Ocean;
cor. Navy Hydrographic Office; H.O. Pub. #603 (Report File)
479, OCEANIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE PACIFIC 1949. Norris W. Rakestraw, Paul L. Horrier, and Warren S. Wooster. (University of
Californit Press, Los Ingeles, 19570)
Contents include: Oceanography; Pacific Ocean.
RCL: 00771/ Rl3d/ R794 4.5o
480. OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, BERING SEA AND BERING
STRAIT: A CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY. MarZ C. Grier.
(University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1941,)
Contents include: Oceanography; bibliographies.
RCL: QC781; G87o; Vol. II/ R730 -- $4.00
481. SOUND SCATTERING LAYERS AND THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOPLANKTON
AND FISH IN THE SEA. K. V. Beklemishev. (Trans. of Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii, USSR, 1956, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 90-96) (Order
from OTS or SLM, No. 61-28007, 1961, 23 p., 7 refs., HO Trans-109,
$2.60)
The vertical diurnal migration of zooplankton is discussed in
conjunction with the migration of predators following the plankton
and the displacement of sound scattering layer conditioned by the
migrations. The reasons bringing about the phenomena, such as light
and temperature, as well as the frequencies of sound affected and
modulated by the phenomena are brought into discussion so as to point
out the significant trends in the concentrations and migrations of
zooplankton.
482. EXPERIM?2TAL STUDY OF SHIP MOTIONS. Wilbur Marks. (Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Contract 1168(00),
Technical Reporb, Reference No. 59-59, November 1959, 12 p.,
16 refs.) AD-228 212
A linear theory of ship motion prediction was presented. An
experimental verification of the theory was described for pitch
and heave and in head and following seas. Improvements of certain
coupling terms in the equations of motion are presented. The
pitch and heave of the launch Risk (36-ft long) were recorded for
a specific set of test conditions and analyzed in terms of the
energy spectra of these motions. From the physical and geometrical
properties of the vessel, the particular amplitude response
operators in these degrees of freedom were computed with and without the assumption of coupling. The observed spectra were compared
to the 2 computed sets of spectra. Results show that: (1) the
linear prediction scheme agrees reasonably well with observation;
and (2) the linear prediction scheme yields motion statistics
which in general agree more nearly with observation.
483. AN E MPE L STUDY CPt SHIP 16TIoNS. W. (Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Mass., Contract Nonr-16OO, Final Report, Ref. No. 60-30, July 1960, 11 refs.) AD-240 847
A linear theory of ship motion prediction was presented by 1LAW
and Amna in 1953 (Society of Naval. Architects and Marine Engineers,
Tranaotiow, Vol. 61, 1953, pp. 280-357). This report describes an
attempt at ekperimental veokifoation of the theory, for pitch and heave,
in head and following seas. Also considered are the iprovements due to
inclusion of certain coupling torso in the equations of motion as
presented by (Ibid., Vol. 63, 1955, pp. 8-435). The
pitch and heave of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution launch RISK
36 feet long) were recorded for a specific set of test conditions aid
analyzed in terms of the energy spectra of these motions. Also, from
the physical and geometrical properties of the vessel, the particular
amplitude response operators in these degrees of freedom were computed
with and without the assumption of coupling and finally the corresponding
two sets of motion spectra were computed. The observed spectra were
compared to the two computed sets of spectra.
484. THE OCEAN FLOOR. Hans Pettersson. (Yale University Press,
New Haven, 1954)
Contents include: Ocean floor - Geology. Topography,
submarine; Oceanography.
RCL: QC83/P45o/R822 -- $3.75
485. US. PREPARES FOR NUCLEAR TIDAL WAVE WAR. -- Reveal Undersea Blast
Could Wipe Out Coast Cities. George Carroll. Aviation Editor,
The Hearst Newspapers, (Los kngels Herald-xaminer, Monday,
January 15P 1962, p. A40.)
The United States had been quietly preparing for the
possibility of a new type of nuclear warfare -- .water war*
the creation of huge tidal waves by deep underwater ocean blasts.
Such blasts would generate tidal waves 70 feet high 100 miles
away, wiping out the population of enemy coastal cities, Disclosure
of the American preparedness measures can be made authoritatively
today on the basis of unclassified but little-known Government
reports. All but unnoticed for some time, the U.S. reports now
loft in important perapective as the result of exclusive revelation
in the Herald-Exainer that the Soviet Union is experimenting with
underwater nuclear explosions.
SECTION E
UNINDEXED APPE~NDIX
(48 uncategorized
references)
IA. SYSTEM RELIABILITY: IMPORTANCE INCREASES WITH COMPLEXITY. . General Dynamics Corp., Electric Boat Division. (Underwater Engineer. ing, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1961, pp. 23-24)
3Unlike many other defense programs, there are no separate contra9ts for reliability achievements in the submarines building
program, but the design and building contracts incorporate definite
directions to accomplish reliability goals. The submarine building
specification lists maximum reliability first under the principles of
design and construction.
Reliability is enhanced by a further requirement, in many areas
of the specification, that there must be an alternate mode of operation
immediately available, to circumvent a single casualty.
2A. UNDERWATER RAY ETS MAY DRIVE SUBS FASTER. D. S. Hacker and P.-Lieberman.
(SAE Journal, Vol. 69, October 1961, pp. 74-75)
3A, SUBS NAY SWIM LIKE FISH. .H a. (SAE Journal, Vol. 69,
October 1961, pp. 88-90)
hA. SUBMARINE Cl 1970. (Undersea Technology, Vol. 2, Not 5, September/ October 1961, p. 15)
Should be able to hit over 100 knots at depths in excess of 4,000
feet and have much broader family of weapons..
5A. OCEANOGRAPmIC SYMPOSIUM. PART 1. THE NEED FOR MARINE INSTRUMENTATION.
R r 2. M,,ak. (Undersea Technology, Vol. 2, No, 5, September/
October 1961, pp. 22-23)
This report is intended not to review the design and performance
criteria of the needed instrumentation, but to point out that a grave
situation does exist due of the lack of adequate instrumentation. The )problem has beame near-oritical, and the Security and welfare of this
country could depend largely on the progress that must be made in the
marine sciences.
6A. PUGET SOUND TO GET NUCLEAR SUB WORK? William L. Sturdevan$. Jr.
(Underwater Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, 1960, pp. 49-53)
Lockheed Aircraft Corp., already diversifying into ASW and
oceanography, may one day find itself in nuclear sub construction
work through a recently-acquired subsidiary, informed sources in
Washington believe.
The subsidiary, acquired in April 1959, is the Puget Sound Bridge
& Dry Dock Co., Seattle. A Navy contract with Puget Sound would
contribute to further industrial dispersal in this program.
Puget Sound has already built two destroyers for the Navy, and is
converting two other Navy ships-one for underwater research work and
the other for PROJECT HOPE.
7A. A IS FOR ASROC. (Advertisement by Honeywell Military Products Group in
Space/Aeronautics, April 1961, p. 220)
The Navy's newest antisubmarine missile, ASROC is recognized as one
of the most lethal ASW weapons devised. It locates, tracks and destroys
hostile undersea craft and is the nation's most deadly deterrent to
nuclear type submarines.
ASROC, designed and developed by Minneapolis Honeywell's Ordnance
Division, is a major contribution to the Missile field.
8A. WORLD'S BIGGEST 'INSTANT OCEAN'6 W (Missiles and Rockets,
10 July 1961, pp. 28-29)
"Instant Ocean" is the latest in a series of major new hydrodynamic
facilities developed in the wake of the nuclear submarine.
The U.S. Navy late last month dedicated what it calls "the largest
simulated ocean in the world" at the David Taylor Model Basin in the
Maryland suburbs of Washington, D. C.
The facility is designed to test exotic naval craft such as hydrofoils,
hydroskiumers and ground-effect machines-as well as more conventional
vessels. A similar "ocean" is already operating at the Netherlands
Model Basin, and another is being completed at the Admiralty Experiment
Works in England.
~p.WONDER MATERIAL FOR ASW IS P'LASTICS... .AND THE CONPAN'Y FOR PLASTICS IS ZENITH.
(Advertisement by Zenith ?iastics Division, Gardens* California in
Speee/keronautics, March 1961, p. 190)
Plastics will not corrode. It will not undergo electrolysis. It is
non-bagnetic. It is maoz' difficult to detect, And reinforced-plastics
has an amazing strength# oven at great depths,
Zenith has developed its own method of end-over-end filament winding,
a process which gives a -high strength-~to-weight ratio. Zenith has equipment which makes it possible to mold reinforced plastics into huge and
highly complex shapes. These are the reasons Zenith has the versatile
capability to produce marine components "better" in plastics. This is
why Zenith was the company called on to build the first all- plastics
LOYP for the Navy.
10A. "BLOSSOMI110G" PARABOLIC AVENA FOR SPACECRAFPT. OCE.0d4GEAIIY. (M~ews Item
from Space/Aeronakticso Mat'ch 1961# p. 110)
Oceanographyv, prhich paces military and technological progress in
undersea engineering, is dasting us plentr. We're now spending $17.7
million a year to operate 16 r"esearch ships, which are studying the
opacity of sea water to Various Wavelengths of light, heat, and other
forms of energy; tempetatfie and salinity at various depths and locations;
vertical and horizontal temprature layering; currents-, and contour
mapping of the ocean flooi. According to oceanographers, it costs
roughly $5000 per day to 6perate a "esearch vessel at sea.
Look for Congress to atithorize-probably before the middle of the
year-Project Tenoc, a 16"'er program of extensive oceanographic
research recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. 'This ambitious
program will probably cost over 81 billion over the next decade.
il. LASERS PUSHED FOR U ERSM -DMCTION, WAAR AND SPACE COt4NUICATIONS.
(News Item from Spae/AetdMautiob, April 1961, p, 118+)
Lasers, though they aft* still in the R&D stage, are being touted as
just what we need in iandemaea detection, high resolution radar, and
wide-bend-width space daobfnioati6na, Hughes Aircraft has already built
an optical radar around its ruby labor& The system, which operates on
6943 A, uses a trankmittel' 60nbisting of a laser# a pulselr, colimating
optics and a abutter, afl& a z'OdoiVj~ consisting of a collecting mirror#
focusing optici, it spectftl filter, a photocultiplier, an electronic
amplifier, wa a pi'ocebsihg and display system.
The output of the laser is a beam about nine milliradians wide. It
is collimated to about Oj33 killi'&diana. The shutter clips off the
trailing edges of the pulses.
In clear-daylight tettS fhughes has gotten three miles in range; it
believes this figure can be doubled with relatively minor improvements.
Because of crystal heatinlg, the isystom at present is pulsed once per
second for a duration 6f three milliseconds * Peak power output is believed to be around 10 Wot
12k. BLUE-GREEN UNDERSEA LASER IS SAID TO REACH OUT 100 YD. (News Item from
Space/Aeronautics, April 1961, p. 120)
Optical undersea detection is another possibility for the laser. It
is well known that there is a marked dip in the wavelength-vs-attenuation
curve for water in the visible part .of the spectrum. This dep reaches
a minimum in a 10-4-wide area in the green to yellow green. Here the
attenuation is slightly more than 10- db/yd. Although the existence of
this "hole" has been kunown for a long time, researchers has been prevented
from exploiting it because of the lack of high-intensity sources at this
wavelength.
Several firms are known to be studying the use of lasers as highintensity sources for undersea detection. Trident, Cambridge, Mass.,
has a blue-green laser scheme in mind that, it believes, will reach out
some 1000 yd in clear water.
1A.- OPTICAL SYSTEMS MAY WORK ONLY IN FAIRLY CLEAR WATER. (News Item from
Space/Aeronautics, April 1961, p. 120)
Pulsed lasers would not work underwater, Leavy claimed, because water
acts like an unbounded cavity and random scatterers in it would set up a
ringing effect that would mask out returned signals. Leavy also believes
that optical system would work only in fairly clear water.
Trident has gained a good deal of experience in the optical-maser
field over the last year, In addition to building a number of ruby
lasers, it has a samarium laser and a ruanium-doped calcium fluroide
laser under development. The company is exploring ways of making better
crystals for lasers and is also working on exotic pump schemes. Its
"undersea laser" would be a high power type that would generate about
lOw/cmaof OW power.
3JA. PARACHUTE TO BE USED UNDERWATER FOR DATA. (Science News Letter, Vol. 78,
13 August 1960, p. 98)
The familiar parachute will take to the sea to aid oceanographers in
observing ocean currents in a new project of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey. The parachutes will be submerged in several areas about 50
miles offshore, Suspended at depths of approximately 16 and 1,000 feet,
the big parachutes will be secured by line to surface floats and allowed
to drift with the current. Careful tracking of the floats for a period
of 48 hours will provide significant data on direction and speed of deep
submarine currents.
15A. AROUND THE WORLD UNDER SEA. (U. S. News & World Report, 23 May 1960,
p)p. 104-105)
A U. S. submarine, the world's largest, has provided an answer to a
question that has grown increasingly important in this missile era:
Can a nuclear-powered sub travel submerged halfway around the world,
fire its missiles, return without surfacing?
The answer, just provided by the U. S. S. TRITON, is "Yes."
16A, CONSTRUCTION OF FIVE POLARIS SUBMARIMS. (News Item from Underwater
Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 September 1960, p. 6)
Construction of five POLARIS submarines was authorized by Congress
for fiscal year 1961. The 618, to be built by the Newport News
Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., will be the last of the EThA/M ALLEN
class submarines. The reMaining three, the 617 to be built by
Electric Boat and 619 nad 620 to be built at Mare Island and
Portsmouth (N.H.) shipyards, respectively-will be of the LAFAYETTE
class.
Announcement of construction plans for the 616 through 620 brings
the Navy's POLARIS submarine count to two subs in commission (GEORGE
WASHINGTON and PATRICK HENRY), seven under construction and five
authorized for construction beginning this year, a total of 14 built,
building or fully funded.
17A. QUIETEST SUB IN THE FLEET IS SAID TO BE THE NEWLY LAUNCHED SSK (N)-597.
(News Item from Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 September
1960, p. 12)
Quietest sub in the fleet is said to be the newly launched SSK
(n)-597, TULLIBEE. Built by Electric Boat Division, the 273-ft
long hunter-killer sub is the first tobe equipped with a turboelectric drive. The sub also employs special gear to eliminate any
possible sonar noises.
18A. PROPELLANTS FOR TORPEDOES. (News Item from Underwater Engineering,
Vol, 1, No. 21 15 September 1960, p. 12)
Propellants for torpedoes, accoring to Experiment, Inc., might
involve use of free sea water as diluted oxidant with aluminum or
zirconium fuels. In such a system, the performance of aluminumsea water would be 114 hp-hr/cu ft (or 0.70 hp-hr/pound) which the
zirconium analog would be 106 and 0.27, respectively.
19A. UNDERWATR JET ENGINE SYSTEMS& (News Item from Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 September 1960, p. 12)
Underwater jet engine systems include the hydroduct (ramjet),
hydropulse (pulsejet), h oturojet (turbojet) and both solid and
liquid propellant rocketse Aerojet-General concludes that rocket
systems offer the greatest speeds (at reduced ranges) than those
systems using rotating maohinery.
2oA, HERE'S THE ASW MARIMT. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2,
15 September 1960, pp. 18-21)
The underwater engineering market is an expanding market.
Consider these facts:
The minimum anti-submarine warfare (ASW) portion of the Navy's
budget for Fiscal Year 1961 totals $1.42 billion. This excludes the
costs of military personnel and operations and maintenance, and does
not take into consideration that practically all ships and aircraft
are concerned with ASW.
There is a never-ending search for improvement in underwater
engineering capabilities. The Navy is the first to recognize that
its over-all ASW capabilities are still far from satisfactory.
There is not a single piece of the Navy's ASW equipment which
cannot be improved. This is a challenge to American industry.
21A, FIRST NAVY SHIP TO GET A FINIhTURIZIM AUTO'S.TIC DEGAUSSING SYSTE1:. (News Item from Underwater Erineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 Septeuber
1960, p. 22)
First Navy ship to get a miniaturized automatic degaussing system is the WAHOO. The new system was installed while the WAHOO underwent
overhaul at Pearl Harbor.
The degaussing system will neutralize the submarine's magnetic field, making the ship operational in mined areas. To accomplish
this, a rigid copper cable was wound ar6hnd and into the pressure hull at predetermined locations vertically and horizontally. The
cable was connected in proper polarity and energized to neutralize
the magnetic field created by the ship. The Navy will make a
thorough evaluation of the degaussing system before installing it on
other submarines.
22A. RUSSIA'S ASSETS IN TI "T WAH'. William 0. Foss. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No# 2, 15 September 1960, pp. 25-28)
As a nation, whose history has always been based on terra firma,
Russia has progressed rapidly when it comes to winning the struggle
of the oceans.
Ten years ago the Soviet Navy ranked about ninth among the world
navies. Today the Soviet Navy ranks No. 2 to the U. S, Navy.
Her submarine force is the biggest in the world.
Soviet oceanography was in a provincial state about ten years ago.
Today the Soviet oceanographic research program far surpasses that
of the Free World.
23k. CCPUTING HAZARDS OF NUCLEAR ATTACK. 1. Burke Horton, Remington Rand Univac. (Underwater Engineering Vol. 1, No.2, 15 September 1960,
pp. 32-34)
This article will not b6 a discussion of results, findings, or
recnmendations concerning American vulnerability. Much of such
information is highly classified. What is presented here is an
unclassified discussion of the techniques which permit analysis of
the vulnerability of the United States to nuclear attack. The
methods used are of interest to computer users because they illustrate
a method of attack on the increasingly important class of problems
in which direct experimentation is either Impossible or not
permissible,
24A. TRANSDUCERS: KEY TO SONAR. GeoZ0Rand and Dev n& Sperry-Rand
Corporation, Surface Armament Division, Sperry Gyroscope Co., Great
Nect, Long Island, New Yorko (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2,
15 September 1960, pp. 35-37)
Effective detection of submerged objects, a vital consideration
in submarine weapons systems design, hinges upon proper use of
translation devices for the conversion of acoustic and electrical
energy.
25A TORPEDOES AND UNDERWATER ROCETS. Barron Kem. (Underwater
Engineering, Vol. 1, No6 2, 15 September 1960, p. 40+)
Here's a close look at tomorrow's weapons--and some basic
considerations.
26A, TOP.PEDO BRIEFS. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 September
1960, pp. 56-59)
This illustrated article describes the SOLARIS Robot and
its control systems. Various types of ASW- devices are also
described.
27A. TOMORROW'S TORPEDO: FASTER, QUIETER, AND MORE SOPHISTICATED. -Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No, 2, 15 September 1960, p. 6063)
The torpedo has accounted for more enemy tonnage than any other
weapon.
But the big problem today is the enemy submarine; and nearly everybody agrees that tomorrow's anti-submarine torpedo must be 1) faster,
2) quieter, 3) capable of greater range and search, and 4) idiotproof.
POLARIS submariners are now receiving closed circuit TV factory
training on the operation and maintenance of POLARIS fire control
and inertial guidance at General Electric's Ordnance Dept. in Pittsfield,
Massachusetts. Instructor R. E. Creamer, Jr. conducts a class while
in another part the the plant G. W. Haihl keeps the TV camera on the
lesson's subject.
28A, ASW. AN EXTENSIVE LAND-AIR-SEA OPERATIO1N. (News Item from Undersea
Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, :Uly/August 1961, p. 12)
An extensive land-air-sea operation to determine the reliability of electronic devices used in the Navy's vital ASW defense program is being jointly undertaken by Brunswick Naval Air Station and
Vocaline Company of America, Inc. Vocaline has implemented and is
operating a complete electronic test facility consisting of monitoring
station, laboratory and a 64-toot diesel-powered vessel provided by
the Navy.
29A NEW from TECHNOLOGIES. Undersea THE FIRST KN0WN UNDERWATER ANALYSIS. (News Item Technologyp, Vol. 2, No. 4, July/August 1961, p. 12)
The first known undrwater analysis of the ocean's radioactive
sources have been-made by the Navy Ordnance Lab with a new ultrasensitive radiation measuin device called DUN--Deep Underwater
Nuclear Counting-sensitive enough to detect one atom of radium
in a billion billion molecules of water,
30A. POLARIS... TODAY AND TOMOW, Richard e Munke. (Undersea
Technology, Vol. 2 1 No, 4 July/August 3961, p. 20)
Most important to the submarine is survival. Design
considerations are established around the concept that the submarine must avoid detedtiftf, no less identification. Of
coursej as science progresses with timej enemy active and passive
sonar -- and possibly other techniques -- will likewise improve, leaving POLARIS faced Vith greater susceptibility to detection.
But, through intuitive foresight coupled with the technological
efforts of industry, ?OLAA±S sem to be in a pretty good
position to maintain t* high degree of immunity with countermeasures and improved undersea performance.
31A. FILAOET WOULD SUBS. (Advertisement by Zenith Plastics in Undersea
Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, July/August 1961, p. 30)
Zenith Plastics Division of 3Y1 Co. has made available a small
brochure on structural filament would submarines. Included is a
pape on "Reinforced Plastics for Hydrospace Vehicles."
32A. EVALUATION OF ASW EQUIPMENT. Thomas D. McGrathj U. S. Navy, Key West
Test and Evaluation Detachment. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2,
No. 1, January 1961, pp. 46-48)
The cycle from inception to operational hardware of new equipments
is initiated in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, where
requirements are established and developmental responsibilities
assigned. Such requirements may result from a recognized need, from
fleet proposals, from studies, or proposals from technical agnecies.
33&. EEARCH SHIPS DOCK AT FRONT bOOR: SDL SEEKS UNDERSEA ANSWERS.
(Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1961, pp. 42-44)
Honeywell's lake Washington lab sends its ships to nearby deep
water for testing of ASW and USW equipment, and to investigate special
problems in oceanography.
34&. OCAIOoRAPHY STIMULATES CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST. Edward Wenk Jr
Library of Congress. (Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No, It
January 1961, pp. 34-35)
National leaders of both political parties have noted the
emerging significance of science and technology as an essential
ingredient of our national security, and oceanography has been
identified as one of the fields currently warranting attention.
In light of the arguments for expanding the national program in the
ocean sciences, coupled with a widely prevailing sense of urgency,
the topic has received unprecedented attention from both the executive
and legislative branches. gight different bills were placed before
the 86th Congress, according to their preambles, with the intent of
assuring an enhanced posture in ooeanograpby by the formulation of
a unified program by adequacy of funding, and by the establishment
of a statutory base for coordination of the various Federal agencies
concerned.
35A PRIME UE NEED IS ACCURATE INSTRUMENTATION, T. he, Borg-Warner
Corporation, Pesco Product DiVision, (Underwater Engineering,
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1961# P. 34)
Accurate instrumentation is one 6f the prime requirements for
scientific exploration in ak* field. Electrically-powered instruments provide many advantages in undersea observotions and measurements because they combine the merits of accuracy, recording,
storage of data, and the possibility of unattended operation for
long periods of time. The diltation of unattended time depends,
of course, directly on the life of the electric power source. It
is desirable that the unattended life shall be in many months, and
in some instances, years. This requirement imposes a severe handicap
on conventional sources of electric energy such as isolated batteries
and the various forms of generators that employ chemical fuels.
36A. SOUND PROPAGATION STUDY POSES A 1961 CFALLENGE. Winston E. Kock.
Bendix Corporation, Researdh taboratories Division. (Underwater
Engineering, Vol. 2, No. l January 1961, p. 33)
There is much that is still not known about the way sound propagates in the sea over great distances. The designer of future longrange sonar equipment is ift Urgent need of answers to such questions
as to how well sonar signAls are preserved in amplitude, frequency,
and phase after traversing paths which are many miles long.
37A. THIRD GENERATION OF POLARIS SUtiARINES, (News Item from Underwater
Engineering, Vol, , No. 21 15 September 1960, p. 6)
The third generation of POLARIS submarines will bear an illustrious
name. The lead ship Of thb he clAss will be named LAFAYETTE, in
honor of the French marqul§ Vho became a hero in the American Revolution.
The LAFAYETTE, designated SSBN 616, will be built by the Electric
Boat Division of the General DYbaaics Corporation, at Groton, Connecticut.
Displacing about 7000 tawl the LAFAYETTE class submarines will be
425 ft long.
The first series of POLAAZS submarines, with the GEORGE WASINGTON
(SSBN 598) as lead ship, daiplade About 5,400 tons each and are 380
ft long. A second family Of these subs, the ETHAN ALLEN (SSBN 608)
class, have an overall 14irth of 410 ft and displace 6,900 tons.
38A. PCH IS THE DESIGNATION FOR NAVY'S SUB CRASER, HYDROFOIL. (News Item
from Underwater Engineer |il VOL 2, No, 2, 15 September 1960,
p. 12)
This craft, which is to have a speed greater than conventional
ASW ships, will be 115 ft 1ong, displace 110 tons, and will have a
32-ft beam. It will have a long flying range and an even longer
cruising range, will be equipped with the latest sonar, and heavily
armed with anti-submarine weaponsi
39A. HYDRODYNAMIC RESEARCH WITH A PORPOISE. (Naval Research Reviews,
March 1961, pp. 11-13)
If present theories on the porpoise's secret of speed are correct,
future subs and torpedoes may have heated skins that can ripple. For
it is known that the porpoise is capable of swimming efficiently at
greAt speeds with little drag or disturbance, of transmitting and
receiving sounds over a distance of several miles, and of withstanding
deep ocean pressures beyond the physiological capabilities of other
mammals. And the porpoise does all these things better than anything
yet devised by man. Navy scientists studying these phenomena say the
answers could change their concepts of torpedo design, underwater
sound detection, and anti-submarine warfare.
4OA, THE ALUMINAUT. (Naval Research Reviews, January 1960, pp. 18-21)
In the not-too-distant future, American oceanographers will be
exploring the ocean floor in an aluminum research-type submarine,
appropriately named "Aluminaut." In both purpose and concept it will
be similar to the Piccard "Trieste," but it will be far roomier
(because the observers will be inside the hull, rather than in a
ball-like gondola) and will have much greater underwater cruising
radius: nearly 100 miles as opposed to Trieste's 1/4 mile. The
submersible will be able to dive 15,000 feet, which is equal to or
greater than the known depth of 60 percent of the world's oceans.
iA. NATO ASW CENTER ESTABLISHED IN ITALY. (Naval Research Reviews,
June 1959, p, 5)
An international research laboratory whose aim is to study and
help solve basic problems in antisubmarine warfare has been established at the Italian naval base at La Spezia, midway between Genoa
and Leghorn. It will be known as the SACLANT ASW Research Center.
"SACLANT" stands for Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic.
The ASW Research Center will monitor and analyze oceanographic
measurements in selected waters. Among other chief functions will be
operational research and analysis plus limited development in various
phases of antisubmarine warfare. Present ASW scientific knowledge
of the nie nations will be pooled in the Center, and findings of
new studies funneled back to the participants. All NATO nations with
ASW potential also will have free access to the findings.
42A4 NEW RUBBER PAINT SPEEDS SUBNAIINES. (Science News Letter, 30 January 1960,
p. 71)
A rubber paint has been developed that will give submarines a moreyielding "skin" and may enable ordinary submarines to slip through the
water at speeds approaching 70 miles an hour.
4A, RESEARCH NOTES. NEW TOOL FOR DU'ENSE AND RESEARCH. (Naval Research
Reviews, September 1961, pp. 24-25)
The U. S. Navy Mine Defense Laboratory in Panama City, Florida,
has recently developed an interesting new oceanographic device.
Although not yet on the production lines, this instrument may soon
join a growing family of simple and reliable oceanographic tools that
may enable every Naval vessel to gather valuable scientific data.
4M. ATTACK SUBMARINE. (News Item from Underwater Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15 September 1960, p. 6)
The attack submarine SCAMP becomes the Navy's 21st nuclear powered
submarine when she slides down the ways October 8 at the Mare Island
Naval Shipyard. She is the fourth atomic sub to be built at Mare
Island.
45A- SPEED CF SOUND MEASUREMENT.O FA. .elnton, and
f iRue Lockheed Missiles and Space Division Palo Alto, Califoraias
U Technology, Vol. 2, No. 5, September/October 1961, p. 32, 8 refs.)
The need for a simple and direct method of m1asuring speed of sound
in the ocean has recently been stressed in the literature, At present,
the speed of sound is usually derived indirectly by considering the
speed to be a function of the temperature, pressure, and salinity in
the ocean, Knowing or meas wing the values of these parameters, speed
of sound is determined using any one of a number of empirically- derived formulae which contain up to six hours. This process involves
considerable computation, and controversy exists as to which formula is
most suitable.
46A. THE OCEANS, (Undersea Technology, Vol. 2, No. 5, September/October 1961,
p. 16+)
First of a series, this article is a general rundown on the world
ocean; will be followed by a series detailing the many aspects of this
enviroment.
h7A. '60 SYSTEMS DEVELO0P& IROVED ASW PROWESS. Alton
Cook Technological Center, Cook Research Laboratories. Underwater Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1961, p. 32)
Sparked by the organization of BUWEPS for management and direction
of weapon system programs, new weapon system developments advanced
fleet ASW effectiveness in 1960. Considering the minimal expenditures
in ASW weapon system research and development, the progress made in
1960 is remarkable.
48A. OCEAOQRAUM ABOARD TH TRITOI XWeN. F~brv and G.Wlks
U, S, Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C, (Naval Research
Reviews, September 1961, pp. 1-7)
In February 1960, the fydrographic Office was presented with a
unique opportunity for a trio of scientists to conduct coordinated
research in geophysics and ocenography. The Commander of the nuclear
submarine TRITON, had choaen, as a shakedown cruise, to make an
epochal circumhavigation of the globe while submerged. Inasmuch as
this circumnavigation woUld provide the means of obtaining continuous
data profiles through makW relatively untraveled and unknown areas,
the Hydrographio Office h&atened to install on board equipment for
oceanographic, bathymet'LG, and geophysical surveys.
The historic voage 6t the TRITON was more than a unique shakedown cruise. It proved that a nuclear submarine is indeed an admirable
ship type for scientific studies of the seas.
A WIGION OF NORTh AMERICAN AVIATION. IN
